Table 1. Characteristics of Community-Living Medicare Beneficiaries Receiving Home Health 2011-2016 by Identified Cognitive Impairment (Before and After Propensity Score Weighting).
(unweighted n=1,214; weighted n=5,856,333)*
| Full sample (n=1,214) |
Identified cognitive impairment (n=602, 43.9%) |
No identified cognitive impairment (n=859, 56.1%) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before propensity score weighting |
After propensity score weighting |
||||||||
| n (wtd %) or mean ± SE | p- value† |
p- value† |
|||||||
| Receives multiple successive home health episodes | 341 (29.2) | 196 (31.8) | 145 (20.5) | <0.001 | 145 (26.8) | 0.17 | |||
| Number of total visits received: | |||||||||
| Days since start of care | [ | 30 | 10.5 (0.29) | 11.3 ± 0.41 | 9.7 ± 0.27 | <0.001 | 9.7 ± 0.36 | 0.003 | |
| 60 | 14.6 (0.43) | 15.8 ± 0.54 | 12.7 ± 0.41 | <0.001 | 13.5 ± 0.58 | 0.002 | |||
| 120 | 18.8 (0.65) | 20.2 ± 0.83 | 15.7 ± 0.64 | <0.001 | 17.4 ± 0.79 | 0.006 | |||
| Older adult characteristics measured before home health episode | |||||||||
| Age | 81.6 ± 0.37 | 81.5 ± 0.45 | 78.4 ± 0.31 | <0.001 | 81.7 ± 0.49 | 0.72 | |||
| Female | 748 (62.5) | 383 (61.6) | 365 (42.0) | 0.30 | 365 (63.3) | 0.64 | |||
| Race | [ | White | 815 (76.3) | 384 (76.8) | 431 (83.3) | 0.02 | 431 (75.8) | 0.76 | |
| Non-white | 399 (23.7) | 218 (23.2) | 181 (16.6) | 181 (24.2) | |||||
| Medicaid enrolled | 249 (22.2) | 148 (20.7) | 101 (13.4) | <0.001 | 101 (23.7) | 0.39 | |||
| Older adult characteristics measured during home health episode | |||||||||
| Post-acute | 792 (64.0) | 350 (62.5) | 442 (77.8) | <0.001 | 442 (65.4) | 0.48 | |||
| Clinical severity | [ | Low | 330 (25.7) | 140 (21.7) | 190 (30.3) | 0.02 | 190 (29.6) | 0.09 | |
| Moderate | 485 (41.4) | 253 (43.0) | 232 (39.8) | 232 (39.9) | |||||
| High | 399 (32.9) | 209 (35.3) | 190 (29.9) | 190 (30.5) | |||||
| Functional impairment | [ | Low/none | 190 (15.1) | 57 (11.6) | 133 (21.7) | <0.001 | 133 (18.5) | 0.04 | |
| Moderate | 762 (60.6) | 384 (62.6) | 378 (62.6) | 378 (58.7) | |||||
| High | 262 (24.3) | 161 (25.9) | 101 (15.7) | 101 (22.8) | |||||
| Elevated hospitalization risk | 959 (74.2) | 482 (73.7) | 477 (68.0) | 0.13 | 477 (74.8) | 0.78 | |||
| Wound | 253 (18.4) | 69 (13.5) | 184 (35.5) | <0.001 | 184 (23.1) | 0.002 | |||
| Receives family caregiver assistance | 1,123 (91.7) | 558 (91.9) | 565 (89.4) | 0.28 | 565 (91.5) | 0.87 | |||
| Home health agency characteristics | |||||||||
| Non-profit | 455 (42.9) | 226 (44.6) | 229 (47.7) | 0.40 | 229 (41.3) | 0.42 | |||
| Number of FTEs‡ | 86.4 ± 14.6 | 80.4 ± 11.1 | 113.1±28.8 | 0.13 | 92.5± 13.6 | 0.44 | |||
| Accredited§ | 247 (23.3) | 120 (22.3) | 127 (23.0) | 0.83 | 127 (24.2) | 0.56 | |||
| Rural provider | 193 (18.0) | 92 (16.9) | 101 (18.5) | 0.68 | 101 (19.0) | 0.60 | |||
*
Data drawn from linked National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), Outcomes and Assessment Information Set (OASIS), Medicare claims, and Medicare Provider of Services files for 1,214 Medicare beneficiaries receiving home health care between 2011-2016.
†
Results of weighted Pearson and Wald tests for differences between groups.
‡
Full time equivalent employees
§
Accreditation from The Joint Commission, Accreditation Commission for Health Care, or Community Health Accreditation Partner.