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. 2022 Feb 10;9:834879. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.834879

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Copyright © 2022 Hockin, Heeney, Whitehurst and Claydon.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Meta-analysis of EQ VAS in patients with VVS, POTS, and OH compared to United States normative data. EQ VAS scores are shown for patients with VVS (30, 31, 33, 34), POTS (48, 49) and OH (54). Circles represent mean scores from individual studies, with the size of the circle proportional to the study sample size. Weighted means and standard deviations for combined data for patients with VVS, POTS, and OH are indicated with black squares. Horizontal line and gray shading denote the mean and standard deviation based on US normative data (n = 38,678) (59). *Significantly different to US normative data at the 0.001 level of significance.^†Significantly different to the VVS group, at the 0.001 level of significance.^‡Significantly different to the OH group, at the 0.01 level of significance.