Table 1.
Summary of the results from 76 papers identified in a systematic review of the literature
| Outcome | COC | ZP | PVS | PB | SHAPE | GIANT | VAC | RB | SER | GR | DARK | MULTIPLE | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akarsu et al. (2009) [9] | OP | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | *Fetal anomalies |
| Alikani et al. (1995) [10] | F,CL | – | – | – | – | – | – | NO | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Ashrafi et al. 2015 [11] | F,EQ,IM,CP | – | – | NO | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Balaban et al. (1998) [2] | F, EQ, CP, IM | – | NO | NO | – | NO | – | – | NO | – | – | NO | – | |
| Balaban et al. (2006) [12] | IM | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | *For IM |
| Balaban et al. (2008) [13] | CSE, BL, HA | – | NO | NO | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | YES* | NO | – | * For CSE |
| Balakier et al. (2002) [14] | ED, PL | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | * Giant oocytes for aneuploidy |
| Bassil et al. (2021) [15] | BL, BLQ | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *For BLQ |
| Bertrand et al. (1995) [16] | F | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *Thickness |
| Braga et al. (2013) [17] | BL,HA,CP | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | *For BLQ, CP and AB | |
| Chamayou et al. (2006) [18] | EQ, CP, IM | – | – | YES* | YES* | NO | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES** | *For EQ; **cumulative ooplasm assessment |
| Ciotti et al. (2004) [19] | F, CL, CP, IM | – | – | – | NO | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Dal Canto et al. (2012) [20] | F,CP,IM | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *For CP and IM |
| Dal Canto et al. (2017) [3] | MS,AC | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | YES* | – | – | *Meiotic spindle and actin cytoskeleton |
| Daya et al. (1990) [21] | CL | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *Blood clots in cum |
| De cassia et al. (2010) [22] | F | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES | – | – | – | – | – | |
| De Santis et al. (2005) [23] | F, EQ | – | – | – | NO | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| De Sutter et al. (1996) [6] | F, EQ | – | NO | NO | – | NO | – | NO | NO | – | – | NO | – | |
| Ebner et al. (2000) [24] | F, EQ | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Ebner et al. (2005) [25] | F,BL | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Ebner et al. (2006) [26] | F, CL, BL, IM | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | *For FR |
| Ebner et al. (2008a) [4] | F, BL | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES | – | – | *Blood clots in cum |
| Ebner et al. (2008b) [27] | CP, AB, THB, M | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | *For AB and THB |
| Ebner et al. (2008c) | F, CL, CM, BL | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *Ovoid: delay |
| Ebner et al. (2010) [28] | ED, IM, CP | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *Birefringence of the inner zona layer |
| Esfandiari et al. (2006) [29] | F, ED, CP | – | NO* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | NO** | – | * Thick zona; **brown eggs |
| Fancsovits et al. (2006) [30] | F, EQ | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *For FR |
| Fancsovits et al. (2012) [31] | F, CL, ED, EQ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | NO | – | – | |
| Faramarzi et al. (2017) [32] | EM | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *t2,t5 timings delayed |
| Faramarzi et al. (2019) [33] | EM | – | – | NO | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *tPB2, t5 and t8 timings delayed |
| Farhi et al. (2002) [34] | F, CP, IM | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *Coarse granules |
| Ferreux et al. (2019) [35] | F, CP, THB, M | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | NO | – | – | – | |
| Gonzalez-Ortega et al. (2016) [36] | F, EQ, CC | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *Birefringence values of zona pellucida |
| Hassa et al. (2014) [37] | ED | – | – | YES | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Hassan-Ali et al. (1998) [38] | F, CL, CP, IM | – | – | NO* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *Coarse dark granules |
| Hattori et al. (2014) [39] | F, BL, IM, CP, AB, THB, M | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | NO | – | – | – | *For FR and IM |
| Host et al. (2002) [40] | EQ | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *Thickness |
| Kahraman et al. (2000) [41] | F, EQ, CP, OP | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | *For OP |
| La Sala et al. (2009) [42] | F, PR, THB, MB | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | NO | |
| Lehner et al. (2015) [43] | F, EQ, CP | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | *Fertilization rate in giant oocyte group contained |
| Lin et al. (2003) [44] | F, CL, EQ, BL | YES | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Loutradis et al. (1999) [45] | F, CL, EQ, CP | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | *For EQ and CP |
| Machtinger et al. (2011) [46] | CL, EQ, IM, CP | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | *Associated with abnormal cleavage |
| Madaschi et al. (2009) [47] | F, IM, CP, OP | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *For clinical outcome |
| Mateizel et a. (2013) [48] | F, ED, THB, M | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | NO | – | – | – | |
| Meriano et al. (2001) [49] | F, EQ, IM, CP | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *Debris in the PVS |
| Montag et al. (2008) [50] | ED, IM, CP, THB | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *Inner layer retardation |
| Navarro et al. (2009) [51] | F, CL, EQ | – | – | – | YES | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Ng et al. (1999) [52] | F, CL, CP, IM | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *For FR and CP |
| Otsuki et al. (2004) [53] | F, CP | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | *For CP |
| Otsuki et al. (2007) [54] | F, BL | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | *For FR and BL |
| Rama Rayu et al. (2007) [55] | F, BL | – | YES | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Rattanachaiyanont et al. (1999) [56] | F, CL, CP | NO | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Rienzi et al. (2008) [5] | PNM, F, EQ, CP | – | NO | YES | YES | NO | – | YES | – | – | YES | YES | YES | |
| Rosenbusch et al. (2002) [57] | PL | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | *Giant oocyte |
| Sa et al. (2011) [58] | F, ED,IM, CP, AB, THB, M | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | *For ED, IM and M |
| Sauerbrun-Cutler et al. (2015) [59] | F, BL, IM, CP, THB, AB | – | YES* | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *For IM and CP |
| Sheral et al. (1997) [60] | CL, EQ, IM, CP | – | – | – | – | – | – | NO | – | – | – | – | YES* | *For IM and CP |
| Setti et al. (2011) [61] | F, EQ | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | NO | – | – | *For FR |
| Setti et al. (2016) [62] | F, EQ, BL, BLQ, IM, CP, AB | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | *For IM |
| Shaw-Jackson et al. (2016) [63] | F, EQ, BL, BLQ, IM, CP, AB, THB, M | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | NO | – | – | – | |
| Shen et al. (2005) [64] | F, ED, CP | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *For ED and CP |
| Shi et al. (2014) [65] | F, CL, EQ, IM, CP, AB, THB | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *For FR, IM and CP |
| Sousa et al. (2015) [66] | F, CL, BL, IM, CP, THB | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *For CP and THB |
| Sousa et al. (2016) [67] | F, CL, EQ, BL, IM, CP, AB, THB | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Tabibnejad et al. (2018) [68] | EM | – | NO | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Takahashi et al. (2020) [69] | F, BL, BLQ, IM, AB, THB, M | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | *For BL and IM |
| Ten et al. (2007) [7] | F, EQ | – | NO | NO | NO | NO | – | NO | – | – | – | YES* | NO | *For EQ |
| Verlinsky et al. (2003) [70] | F, EQ, BL, CP, PL | – | – | – | NO | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Wallbutton et al. (2010) [71] | CP | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES | – | – | – | – | – | Case report |
| Weghofer et al. (2019) [72] | F, EQ, | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | - | – | – | – | – | – | *Oocytes yeld |
| Wilding et al. (2007) [73] | F, ED, CP | – | – | – | – | - | - | - | – | – | NO | – | YES | |
| Xia et al. (1997) [74] | F, EQ | – | – | – | – | - | - | YES | – | – | – | – | YES | |
| Yakin et al. (2007) [75] | F, CL, BL, PL | – | – | – | – | NO | – | – | – | – | – | – | YES* | *For BL |
| Yi et al. (2019) [76] | F, CL, EQ, CP, AB, THB | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | NO | – | – | |
| Zhou et al. (2016) [77] | F, EQ, BL, BLQ, IM, CP | – | – | – | YES* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | *For EQ and BLQ |
COC, cumulus-oocyte complex; ZP, zona pellucida; PVS, perivitelline space; VAC, vacuolization; RB, refractile bodies; SER, smooth endoplasmic reticulum aggregates; GR, granularity; PNM, pronuclear morphology; F, fertilization; CL, cleavage; ED, embryo development; EQ, embryo quality; CSE, cryosurvival of embryo; CM, compaction; BL, blastulation; BLQ, blastocyst quality; HA, hatching; MS, meiotic spindle; AC, actin cytoskeleton; EM, embryo-morphokinetics; IM, implantation; CP, clinical pregnancy; OP, ongoing pregnancy; AB, abortion; M, malformation; THB, take home baby; MB, multiple birth; CC, conception cycle; PL, aneuploidy; –, not investigated; NO, investigated but no correlation found; YES, investigated and correlation found