TABLE 1.
Comparison of the demographic characteristics of the participants before the COVID-19 and during the COVID-19.
| Group Variables | Before COVID-19 (n = 266) |
During COVID-19 (n = 242) |
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| n (%) | Compassion satisfaction | Compassion fatigue | Hardiness | n (%) | Compassion satisfaction | Compassion fatigue | Hardiness | |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 50 (18.8) | t = −0.77 (0.43) | t = 0.30 (0.75) | t = −0.18 (0.85) | 68 (28.1) | t = −1.08 (0.28) | t = 1.34 (0.18) | t = 2.06 (0.04) |
| Female | 216 (81.2) | 174 (71.9) | ||||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Unmarried/Widowed/Divorce | 47 (17.7) | t = −1.30 (0.19) | t = −0.40 (0.68) | t = 2.46 (0.01) | 59 (24.4) | t = −0.12 (0.90) | t = 0.44 (0.65) | t = −0.67 (0.50) |
| Married | 219 (82.3) | 183 (75.6) | ||||||
| Educational level | ||||||||
| Bachelor | 237 (89.1) | t = 0.41 (0.67) | t = −1.09 (0.27) | t = −0.22 (0.82) | 223 (92.1) | t = 0.61 (0.54) | t = −1.02 (0.30) | t = 0.33 (0.73) |
| Master’s | 29 (10.9) | 19 (7.9) | ||||||
| Income (Million Riyal) | ||||||||
| <3 | 106 (39.8) | F = 0.19 (0.82) | F = 0.89 (0.40) | F = 1.92 (0.14) | 28 (11.6) | F = 0.78 (0.45) | F = 3.07 (0.04) | F = 1.11 (0.33) |
| 3–5 | 141 (53.1) | 177 (73.1) | ||||||
| >5 | 19 (7.1) | 36 (15.3) | ||||||
| Type of employment | ||||||||
| Hired | 164 (61.7) | t = 1.97 (0.04) | t = 0.56 (0.57) | t = −0.73 (0.42) | 161 (66.5) | t = −0.46 (0.64) | t = 2.29 (0.02) | t = 0.33 (0.73) |
| Contract recruitersa/Committedb | 102 (38.3) | 81 (33.5) | ||||||
| Work experience (year) | ||||||||
| >5 | 73 (27.4) | 87 (36.0) | ||||||
| 5–10 | 120 (45.1) | F = 2.89 (0.03) | F = 1.95 (0.12) | F = 2.80 (0.04) | 67 (27.7) | F = 0.83 (0.47) | F = 0.66 (0.57) | F = 0.95 (0.41) |
| 11–15 | 40 (15.0) | 38 (15.7) | ||||||
| >15 | 33 (12.4) | 50 (20.7) | ||||||
| Ward | ||||||||
| Critical/intensive | 76 (28.6) | 89 (36.8) | ||||||
| Emergency | 44 (16.5) | F = 1.22 (0.94) | F = 0.35 (0.78) | F = 1.82 (0.14) | 65 (26.9) | F = 2.09 (0.10) | F = 1.84 (0.14) | F = 1.57 (0.19) |
| Medical | 90 (33.8) | 59 (24.4) | ||||||
| Others | 56 (21.1) | 29 (12.0) | ||||||
| Shift | ||||||||
| Fixed | 26 (9.8) | t = 0.98 (0.32) | t = −1.87 (0.06) | t = 0.72 (0.46) | 23 (9.5) | t = 0.01 (0.98) | t = 0.22 (0.82) | t = −0.99 (0.32) |
| Rotational | 240 (90.2) | 219 (90.5) | ||||||
| Working hours (h) per month | ||||||||
| <150 | 46 (17.3) | 46 (19.0) | ||||||
| 150–160 | 100 (37.6) | F = 0.96 (0.40) | F = 0.83 (0.47) | F = 1.47 (0.22) | 108 (44.6) | F = 1.23 (0.29) | F = 0.38 (0.76) | F = 4.14 (0.007) |
| 161–170 | 80 (30.1) | 49 (20.2) | ||||||
| >170 | 40 (15.0) | 39 (16.1) | ||||||
Data were presented numerically (%). t, Independent t test; F, Analysis of variance test.
aAnnually contracted with payment similar to hired nurses.
bIt is obligatory to work for government for 2 years at a lower rate of pay.