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. 2022 Feb 17;17:101046. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101046

Table 2.

DHS waves used for the analytical sample and sampling distribution of women.

Country DHS Waves Used Sampling Distribution
Primary and Secondary Exposure
No exposure Only
Primary exposure
Treated Countries (Secondary-free)
Chada 2015 10,498 0 87
Cote d’Ivoirea 2012 3220 0 3161
Gambiaa 2013 5877 0 567
Ghanaa 2003, 2008, 2014 8543 0 3405
Kenyaa 2003, 2009, 2014 19,876 0 1437
Malawia 2000, 2005, 2010, 2016 29,591 0 18,355
Malia 2001, 2006, 2013, 2018 23,670 0 6009
Nigeriaa 2003, 2008, 2013 51,286 0 772
Rwandaa 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 34,081 0 2349
Senegala 2005, 2011, 2012–2019 62,548 0 8643
Sierra Leonea 2008, 2013, 2019 22,526 0 9722
Treated Countries (Primary-free)
Angolab 2016 9296 3642 0
Beninb 2001, 2006, 2012, 2018 42,308 4047 0
Burundib 2011, 2017 20,709 3263 0
Cameroonb 2004, 2011, 2018 26,090 7214 0
Ethiopiab 2000, 2005, 2011, 2016 30,012 5779 0
Lesothob 2005, 2010, 2014 14,759 2026 0
Namibiab 2007, 2013 13,373 1118 0
Tanzaniaa 2005, 2010, 2016 24,402 2566 0
Comparison Countries (No Free Schooling)
Burkina Fasoa 2003, 2010 21,250 0 0
DRCa 2007, 2014 22,578 0 0
Madagascarb 2004, 2009 18,244 0 0
Mozambiqueb 2004, 2011 19,822 0 0
Nigerc 2006, 2012 16,037 0 0
Sao Tomeb 2009 1840 0 0
South Africac 2016 7724 0 0
Swazilandb 2007 3616 0 0
Togob 2014 8287 0 0
Zimbabwec 2006, 2011, 2015 26,926 0 0
Total (N = 683,151) 598,989 29,655 54,507
a

Countries with tuition-free secondary policy.

b

Countries with tuition-free primary policy.

c

Countries without tuition-free policy.