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. 2022 Feb 10;9:790117. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790117

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Mutual potentiation and regulation of TLR-mediated immunity and NLR-mediated immunity in plants and animals. (A) LRR-RLK (receptor-like kinase) confer to pattern-triggered immunity, functionally similar to animal Toll-like on the cell surface. SARM1 has a mitochondria-targeting signal (MTS), AMR, SAM, and C-terminal TIR domain, where there being conserved Asp/Glu residues, which endow the NADase activity. (B) Cytosolic CNL and TNL are composed of NBS and LRR domains with a distinct N-terminal region (coiled coil or TIR domain). (C) The PAD4-EDS1 complex and ADR1 together locate the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and enhance PRR (LRR-RK)- and RLCK (BIK1)-dependent PTI. (D) Cytosolic toll and interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) of TLR4 can interplay with the TIR domain(s) of four adaptor molecules MyD88, TIRAP, TRIF, and TRAM to transmit the cascade reaction and promote the secretion of inflammatory factors and interferons. The capase-8 substrate, N4BP, act as a suppressor of cytokine responses. Asterisk (*) represents the catalytic activities of TIR domains.