FIGURE 2.

Techniques to create scaffold-free 3D in vitro cancer models. Creation of 3D cell models in the absence of scaffolds promotes cell-cell interactions in three dimensions that mediate cell behavior and drug response when compared to (A) 2D monolayers. Use of (B) liquid overlay techniques with i) flat or ii) round-bottomed ULA plates (C), hanging drop techniques and (D) rotating bioreactors such as i) spinner flasks and ii) horizontal rotating vessels have been used as time and cost-effective spheroid creation methods or to investigate drug response and other factors that my influence ovarian cancer progression, such as fluid shear stress and hypoxia. Created with Biorender.com.