Table 2.
Characteristics of Participants in Different Age Groups and Different Isocaloric Diet Groups
| Characteristics | Age Groups | Diet Groups | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Young Adult | Middle-Age | Old-Age | NC | IHP | IHF | IHC | |
| (n=60) | (n=60) | (n=60) | (n=45) | (n=45) | (n=45) | (n=45) | |
| Age (y) | 35.08±5.47 | 53.33±6.71** | 68.62±2.79**## | 52.38±14.97 | 52.33±12.86 | 51.6±14.61 | 52.27±14.95 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.98±4.01 | 24.76±3.66 | 24.89±3.50 | 24.28±5.17 | 24.48±2.88 | 24.45±2.97 | 24.97±3.54 |
| GLU (mmol/L) | 4.23±0.66 | 4.93±1.67* | 5.3±2.00** | 4.82±1.96 | 5.11±2.17 | 4.74±0.97 | 4.62±0.94 |
| UA (μmol/L) | 277.29±74.07 | 275.21±79.57 | 296.85±77.44 | 279.33±78.32 | 277.29±75.82 | 292.42±87.66 | 283.43±67.61 |
| Ca (mmol/L) | 2.23±0.20 | 2.24±0.10 | 2.27±0.11 | 2.24±0.09 | 2.24±0.11 | 2.26±0.12 | 2.23±0.22 |
| P (mmol/L) | 1.11±0.20 | 1.11±0.16 | 1.15±0.66 | 1.09±0.16 | 1.07±0.20 | 1.23±0.75 | 1.10±0.16 |
| TCHO (mmol/L) | 4.57±0.91 | 5.05±0.77** | 5.46±0.78**# | 4.68±0.71 | 5.33±0.97ΔΔ | 4.97±0.85 | 5.14±0.93Δ |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.96±0.62 | 1.16±0.78 | 1.50±0.76**# | 0.99±0.46 | 1.39±0.91Δ | 1.12±0.65 | 1.32±0.86 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.33±0.27 | 1.31±0.28 | 1.21±0.28 | 1.38±0.30 | 1.23±0.29Δ | 1.27±0.27 | 1.27±0.26 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.65±0.77 | 2.94±0.65* | 3.29±0.71**# | 2.55±0.61 | 3.23±0.77ΔΔ | 2.92±0.70ΔΔ | 3.14±0.76ΔΔ |
| Dietary intake | |||||||
| Total energy intake (kcal/d) | 2134.63±530.03 | 2014.28±285.56 | 2156.01±560.13 | 2154.23±465.76 | 2219.07±608.49 | 2010.38±467.61 | 2022.87±291.61 |
| Fat (% of energy) | 31.77±7.66 | 30.00±6.57 | 29.99±7.67 | 28.31±1.13 | 33.41±6.95ΔΔ | 38.39±4.24ΔΔ | 22.23±1.87ΔΔ |
| Protein (% of energy) | 13.38±3.62 | 12.85±2.71 | 12.93±2.60 | 12.37±1.09 | 17.10±2.72ΔΔ | 12.21±1.61 | 10.52±1.08ΔΔ |
| Carbohydrate (% of energy) | 57.73±9.74 | 59.58±8.59 | 60.01±9.10 | 62.30±1.61 | 52.67±81ΔΔ | 51.32±1.51ΔΔ | 70.13±2.19ΔΔ |
Notes: *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs young adult group. #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 vs middle-age group. ΔP<0.05, ΔΔP<0.01 vs normal control group. All values are mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett post hoc test.
Abbreviations: BMI, the body mass index; Ca, blood calcium; IHC, isocaloric high-carbohydrate group; IHF, isocaloric high-fat group; IHP, isocaloric high-protein group; NC, normal control group; P, blood phosphorus; UA, blood uric acid.