TABLE 2.
Citrate synthase activity, inflammatory biomarkers, anabolic growth factors, and serum testosterone levels.
| Anabolic growth factors | Mean ± SD | Range | Sample size |
| IGF-1 (ng/mL) | 143.99 ± 58.73 | 72.90–267.85 | 25 |
| IGFBP-3 (ng/mL) | 1851.40 ± 368.57 | 1320.50–2598.55 | 25 |
| MRI and DXA measures | |||
| Total trunkCSA (cm2) | 571.44 ± 174.17 | 323.16–940.64 | 28 |
| SATCSA (cm2) | 136.43 ± 100.30 | 22.97–369.89 | 28 |
| VATCSA (cm2) | 71.73 ± 64.97 | 4.06–220.01 | 28 |
| VAT:SAT ratio | 0.64 ± 0.47 | 0.10–2.22 | 28 |
| VAT:total trunk CSA | 0.11 ± 0.08 | 0.01–0.30 | 28 |
| VAT:TLM | 0.0015 ± 0.0013 | 0.0001–0.0043 | 28 |
| VAT:Leg LM | 0.0054 ± 0.0049 | 0.0004–0.02 | 28 |
| TLM (kg) | 448.48 ± 77.57 | 288.83–616.34 | 32 |
| Leg LM (kg) | 131.69 ± 28.58 | 64.55–188.77 | 32 |
| Inflammatory biomarkers | |||
| CRP (ng/mL) | 14580.81 ± 19705.45 | 185.0–73530.25 | 25 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 3.18 ± 2.49 | 0.68–9.27 | 22 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 22.50 ± 3.96 | 15.24–30.63 | 25 |
| Serum testosterone levels | |||
| Testosterone (ng/dL) | 346.72 ± 223.71 | 8.30–751.00 | 30 |
| Enzyme activity | |||
| CS (nmol/mg/min) | 101.22 ± 59.83 | 24.00–303.00 | 32 |
| Complex III (nmol/mg/min) | 190.00 ± 125.51 | 47.10–679.00 | 32 |
MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; DXA, Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; ng/dL, IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; IGFBP-3, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3; CRP, c-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin 6; CS, citrate synthase; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; nanograms per deciliter; CSA, cross sectional area; Kg, kilograms. Mean ± SD unless otherwise noted.