. 2022 Feb 10;12:807512. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.807512

TABLE 3.

Functional predictions for rumen microbiota in yaks inhabiting regions located at distinct altitudes; only significantly different KEGG pathways are shown.

KEGG_Pathways			Groups¹			SEM	P-value
Level I	Level II	Level III	HAL	MAL	LAL
Metabolism
Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides
Biosynthesis of ansamycins			4.51^a	4.63^a	4.26^b	0.052	0.0113
Biosynthesis of vancomycin group antibiotics			2.53^a	2.37^b	2.50^a	0.015	<0.001
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis			1.40^b	1.42^a	1.40^b	0.002	0.0112
Amino acid metabolism
Valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis			2.23^b	2.29^a	2.22^b	0.007	<0.001
Lysine biosynthesis			1.52^b	1.59^a	1.53^b	0.003	<0.001
Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis			1.28^b	1.33^a	1.29^b	0.004	<0.001
Histidine metabolism			1.26^a	1.26^a	1.25^b	0.002	0.0012
Cysteine and methionine metabolism			1.22^b	1.28^a	1.23^b	0.005	<0.001
Metabolism of other amino acids
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism			2.17^b	2.21^a	2.18^ab	0.006	0.0393
D-Alanine metabolism			1.60^b	1.65^a	1.60^b	0.006	<0.001
Selenocompound metabolism			1.06^a	1.02^c	1.03^b	0.004	<0.001
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis			1.86^b	1.90^a	1.86^b	0.006	0.0125
Thiamine metabolism			1.50^b	1.60^a	1.53^b	0.006	0.0016
Folate biosynthesis			1.25^a	1.15^b	1.24^a	0.011	<0.001
Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism			1.12^b	1.11^b	1.14^a	0.005	0.0178
Lipoic acid metabolism			1.12^b	1.03^b	1.18^a	0.020	0.0195
Carbohydrate metabolism
C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism			1.69^b	1.80^a	1.68^b	0.015	0.0063
Pentose phosphate pathway			1.52^b	1.57^a	1.51^b	0.010	0.0015
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)			1.17^a	1.10^c	1.15^b	0.006	<0.0001
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism			1.03^b	1.07^a	1.04^b	0.004	0.0145
Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid biosynthesis			1.74^a	1.65^b	1.69^b	0.011	0.0153
Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes			1.29^a	1.25^b	1.27^b	0.004	<0.001
Cellular processes
Cell motility
Bacterial chemotaxis			1.112^b	1.505^a	1.130^b	0.039	<0.001
Genetic information processing
Folding, sorting, and degradation
Protein export			1.486^b	1.503^a	1.485^b	0.007	0.0032
Replication and repair
DNA replication			1.279^a	1.263^b	1.272^ab	0.002	0.0249

¹HAL, high-altitude region (Zhongba County, Xigatse City; 4,800 m); MAL, medium-altitude region (Nagqu City; 4,500 m); LAL, low-altitude region (Dangxiong County, Lhasa City; 3,800 m).

Different superscript letters in the same row denote significant differences (p < 0.05).