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. 2022 Feb 10;11:662723. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.662723

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Copyright © 2021 Ford, Gonzalez-Cotto, MacFarlane, Peri, Howard, Subleski, Ruth, Haseebuddin, Al-Saleem, Yang, Rayman, Rini, Linehan, Finke, Weiss, Campbell and McVicar

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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sTREM-1 levels are increased in the plasma of patients with renal cell carcinoma. (A) Serum from healthy donors (n = 10) or patients with either localized (n = 5) or metastatic (n = 9) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was tested for soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) levels by ELISA. (B) sTREM-1 levels between stage I (localized) and stage IV (metastatic) RCC patients demonstrating a trend towards higher levels with worsening stage. (C) sTREM-1 levels in RCC patients from the Fox Chase Cancer Center (n = 63) and healthy controls (n = 20). (D) Percent of CD45+ blood leukocytes expressing TREM-1 in RCC patients and healthy controls. (E) Soluble TREM-1 levels are plotted vs. the percentages of blood leukocytes expressing TREM-1 in RCC (left) and healthy controls (right). The r values and p-values of the correlation analysis are shown. (F) Fluorescence intensity (geometric mean) of TREM-1 staining of RCC patients is plotted against the sTREM-1 values for those same patients. The r values and p-values of the correlation analysis are shown.