Table 1.
Summary of ongoing clinical trials targeting dry AMD
| Drug category/name | Clinical trial ID (NCT #) | Study phase | Route of delivery | Status | Sponsor | Location | Number of patients |
| Antioxidative | |||||||
| AREDS | NCT00000145 | Phase III | Oral | Completed | National Eye Institute (NEI) | USA | 3640 |
| AREDS2 | NCT00345176 | Phase III | Oral | Completed | National Eye Institute (NEI) | USA | 4203 |
| OT-551 | NCT00306488 | Phase II | Topical | Completed | National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) | USA | 11 |
| Reduction of toxic bryproducts | |||||||
| GSK933776 | NCT01342926 | Phase II | IV | Completed | GlaxoSmithKline | USA | 191 |
| RN6G | NCT01577381 | Phase II | IV | Terminated | Pfizer | USA | 10 |
| Visual cycle modulators | |||||||
| ACU-4429 | NCT01802866 | Phase IIb/III | Oral | Completed | Kutoba Vision Inc | USA | 508 |
| Fenretinide | NCT00429936 | Phase II | Oral | Completed | Sirion Therapeutics, Inc | USA | 246 |
| C20-D3-vitamin A (ALK-001) | NCT03845582 | Phase III | Oral | Ongoing—recruiting | Alkeus Pharmaceuticals, Inc | USA | 300 |
| Anti-inflammatory and complement inhibition | |||||||
| Eculizumab | NCT00935883 | Phase II | IV | Completed | Philip J. Rosenfeld, MD | USA | 30 |
| Lampalizumab | NCT02247531 | Phase III | Intravitreal | Terminated | Hoffman-La Roche | Multicenter | 906 |
| Lampalizumab | NCT02247479 | Phase III | Intravitreal | Terminated | Hoffman-La Roche | Multicenter | 975 |
| Sirolimus (rapamycin) | NCT00766649 | Phase I/II | Subconjunctival | Completed | National Eye Institute (NEI) | USA | 11 |
| Avacincaptad pegol (Zimura) | NCT02686658 | Phase II/III | Intravitreal | Completed | IVERIC bio, Inc. | Multicenter | 286 |
| Pegcetacoplan (APL-2) | NCT02503332 | Phase II | Intravitreal | Completed | Apellis Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Multicenter | 246 |
| Pegcetacoplan (APL-2) | NCT03525600 | Phase III | Intravitreal | Ongoing—not recruiting | Apellis Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Multicenter | 600 |
| Pegcetacoplan (APL-2) | NCT03525613 | Phase III | Intravitreal | Ongoing—not recruiting | Apellis Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Multicenter | 600 |
| Tedisolumab (LFG316) | NCT01527500 | Phase II | Intravitreal | Completed | Novartis Pharmaceuticals | USA | 150 |
| Risuteganib | NCT03626636 | Phase II | Intravitreal | Completed | Allegro Ophthalmics | USA | 42 |
| Neuroprotection | |||||||
| Ciliary nerve trophic factor | NCT00063765 | Phase I | Intravitreal | Completed | National Eye Institute (NEI) | USA | 10 |
| Ciliary nerve trophic factor | NCT00447954 | Phase II | Intravitreal | Completed | Neurotech Pharmaceuticals | USA | 51 |
| Brimonidine tartrate | NCT00658619 | Phase II | Intravitreal | Completed | Allergan | Multicenter | 113 |
| Brimonidine tartrate | NCT02087085 | Phase IIb | Intravitreal | Terminated | Allergan | Multicenter | 303 |
| Gene therapy | |||||||
| AAVCAGsCD59 | NCT03144999 | Phase I | Intravitreal | Completed | Hemera Biosciences | USA | 17 |
| GT005 | NCT03846193 | Phase I/II | Subretinal | Ongoing - Recruiting | Gyroscope Therapeutics | UK | 35 |
| Cell-based therapies | |||||||
| Palucorcel (CNTO-2476) | NCT01226628 | Phase I/II | Subretinal | Completed | Janssen Research & Development, LLC | USA | 35 |
| MA09-hRPE | NCT01344993 | Phase I/II | Subretinal | Completed | Astelas Institute for Regenerative Medicine | USA | 9 |
| CPCB-RPE1 | NCT02590692 | Phase I/IIa | Subretinal | Ongoing—not recruiting | Regenerative Patch Technologies | USA | 16 |
| Mitochondrial enhancers | |||||||
| Elamipretide | NCT02848313 | Phase I | Subcutaneous | Completed | Stealth Biotechnologies Inc | USA | 40 |
| Elamipretide | NCT03891875 | Phase II | Subcutaneous | Ongoing—recruiting | Stealth Biotechnologies Inc | USA | 180 |
| Nanosecond laser therapy | |||||||
| 2RT nanosecond laser | NCT01790802 | Not applicable | Retinal active laser therapy | Completed | Center for Eye Research Australia | Australia | 292 |
AMD, age-related macular degeneration.