Table 4.

Multivariate linear regression of correlates of perceived HIV-related stigma among adults living with HIV from rural Kilifi

Independent variables	Dependent variables
	Personalised stigma (n=402)		Disclosure concerns (n=450)		Public attitudes (n=450)		Negative self-image (n=402)		Overall HIV Stigma Score (n=402)
	B (95% CI)	P value	B (95% CI)	P value	B (95% CI)	P value	B (95% CI)	P value	B (95% CI)	P value
Sociodemographic characteristics
Gender
Male	Ref				Ref				Ref
Female	0.75 (0.17 to 1.34)	0.012**			1.07 (0.35 to 1.79)	0.003**			2.00 (0.21 to 3.80)	0.029**
Education level
Tertiary			Ref				Ref		Ref
Secondary			−0.04 (−1.14 to 1.07)	0.950			−0.05 (−1.44 to 1.33)	0.939	−0.34 (−3.83 to 3.16)	0.850
Primary			0.48 (−0.52 to 1.48)	0.346			0.51 (−0.73 to 1.74)	0.423	1.37 (−1.75 to 4.50)	0.388
None			1.24 (0.20 to 2.28)	0.019**			1.33 (0.04 to 2.62)	0.044**	3.32 (−0.01 to 6.65)	0.051
Clinical characteristics
Months since HIV diagnosis			−0.01 (−0.01 to 0.00)	0.007**
Treatment characteristics
HIV status disclosure
Yes			Ref						Ref
No			1.79 (0.88 to 2.70)	0.000***					4.24 (1.27 to 7.20)	0.005**
CMD comorbidity
Absence	Ref						Ref		Ref
Presence	2.67 (1.55 to 3.79)	0.000***					3.04 (1.74 to 4.34)	0.000***	6.67 (3.40 to 9.94)	0.000***
Variance explained by the model Pseudo R-squared	6.76%		8.66%		1.89%		7.71%		10.17%

Overall stigma scale represents the sum of all twelve items from the four subscales.

**P<0.05, ***p<0.001.

CI, Confidence Interval; CMD, symptoms of depression and anxiety; Ref, Reference category.