Table 3.
Substance Use Characteristics for the Full Sample and Subset of Interviewees
| Overall Sample (N=125) | Interview Sample (N=30) | Tests for Difference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Percent | N | Percent | Chi-Sq | p<ChiSq | |
| PRESCRIPTION OPIOID MISUSE | ||||||
| Last prescription opioid misuse | 1.30 | 0.523 | ||||
| Within past 30 days | 27 | 21.6 | 4 | 13.3 | ||
| More than 30 days ago but within past 12 months | 50 | 40.0 | 12 | 40.0 | ||
| More than 12 months ago | 42 | 33.6 | 11 | 36.7 | ||
| Never misused Rx opioid | 6 | 4.8 | 3 | 10.0 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Among those who ever misused Rx opioids | N=119 | N=27 | ||||
| Age at first Rx opioid misuse | 2.92 | 0.404 | ||||
| Under 18 | 35 | 29.4 | 7 | 25.9 | ||
| 18 to 25 | 54 | 45.4 | 15 | 55.6 | ||
| Older than 25 | 28 | 23.5 | 4 | 14.8 | ||
| Unknown | 2 | 1.7 | 1 | 3.7 | ||
| Ways ever misused Rx opioidsa | ||||||
| Consumed tablet or capsule orally | 103 | 86.6 | 23 | 85.2 | 0.06 | 0.813 |
| Smoked | 19 | 16.0 | 4 | 14.8 | 0.03 | 0.853 |
| Intranasal | 92 | 77.3 | 19 | 70.4 | 0.96 | 0.327 |
| Transdermal (fentanyl patch) | 30 | 25.4 | 5 | 18.5 | 0.88 | 0.348 |
| Injected with needle | 32 | 26.9 | 7 | 25.9 | 0.02 | 0.898 |
| How did R obtain Rx opioids very first time ever misused? | 8.16 | 0.148 | ||||
| Prescribed to respondent by physician or other HCP | 46 | 38.7 | 7 | 25.9 | ||
| Given to respondent by friend or family member | 45 | 37.8 | 15 | 55.6 | ||
| Respondent purchased or stole from friend/family member | 22 | 18.5 | 3 | 11.1 | ||
| Purchased from dealer/stranger or some other way | 6 | 5.0 | 2 | 7.4 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Among those reporting Rx opioid misuse in past 12 months | N=77 | N=15 | ||||
| Sources for obtaining Rx opioids in past 12 monthsa | ||||||
| Prescribed by one or more doctors | 36 | 46.8 | 9 | 60.0 | 1.20 | 0.274 |
| From a friend or family member (given, purchased, or stolen) | 56 | 72.7 | 11 | 73.3 | 0.00 | 0.973 |
| Did a favor for someone or traded something for the Rx opioids | 21 | 27.3 | 5 | 33.3 | 0.30 | 0.582 |
| Purchased from dealer/stranger | 37 | 48.1 | 7 | 46.7 | 0.03 | 0.862 |
| Some other way | 7 | 9.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 1.90 | 0.169 |
|
| ||||||
| Among those reporting Rx opioid misuse in past 30 days | N=27 | N=4 | ||||
| Frequency of Rx opioid misuse in past 30 days | 3.18 | 0.365 | ||||
| Every day | 4 | 14.8 | 1 | 25.0 | ||
| A few times a week | 6 | 22.2 | 2 | 50.0 | ||
| About once a week | 4 | 14.8 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Once or twice | 13 | 48.2 | 1 | 25.0 | ||
|
HEROIN USE | ||||||
| Last heroin use | 1.41 | 0.494 | ||||
| Within past 30 days | 68 | 54.4 | 18 | 60.0 | ||
| More than 30 days ago but within past 12 months | 35 | 28.0 | 9 | 30.0 | ||
| More than 12 months ago | 4 | 3.2 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Never used heroin | 18 | 14.4 | 27 | 10.0 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Among those who ever used heroin | N=107 | N=27 | ||||
| Age at first heroin use | 3.89 | 0.273 | ||||
| Under 18 | 15 | 14.0 | 4 | 14.8 | ||
| 18 to 25 | 52 | 48.6 | 17 | 62.9 | ||
| Older than 25 | 39 | 36.5 | 6 | 22.2 | ||
| Unknown | 1 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Ways ever used heroina | ||||||
| Smoked | 29 | 27.1 | 6 | 22.2 | 0.44 | 0.509 |
| Intranasal | 96 | 89.7 | 24 | 88.9 | 0.03 | 0.869 |
| Injected with needle | 79 | 73.8 | 20 | 74.1 | 0.00 | 0.974 |
| How did R obtain heroin very first time ever used? | 3.09 | 0.543 | ||||
| Given to respondent by friend, family member, or someone they knew well | 66 | 61.7 | 19 | 70.4 | ||
| Respondent purchased or stole from friend/family member, or someone they knew well | 14 | 13.1 | 4 | 14.8 | ||
| Purchased from dealer | 23 | 21.5 | 4 | 14.8 | ||
| Some other way | 4 | 3.7 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Among those reporting heroin use in past 12 months | N=103 | N=27 | ||||
| Sources for obtaining heroin in past 12 monthsa | ||||||
| From a friend or family member (given, purchased, or stolen) | 71 | 68.9 | 18 | 66.7 | 0.09 | 0.767 |
| Did a favor for someone or traded something for the Rx opioids | 47 | 45.6 | 13 | 48.2 | 0.09 | 0.760 |
| Purchased from dealer/stranger | 89 | 86.4 | 23 | 85.2 | 0.05 | 0.829 |
| Some other way | 2 | 1.9 | 1 | 3.7 | 0.60 | 0.440 |
|
| ||||||
| Among those reporting heroin in past 30 days | N=68 | N=18 | ||||
| Frequency of heroin use in past 30 days | 0.70 | 0.873 | ||||
| Every day | 33 | 48.5 | 8 | 44.4 | ||
| A few times a week | 22 | 32.4 | 6 | 33.3 | ||
| About once a week | 5 | 7.4 | 1 | 5.6 | ||
| Once or twice | 8 | 11.8 | 3 | 16.7 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Among those reporting both heroin use and Rx opioid misuse (ever) | N=101 | N=24 | ||||
| Which did respondent use first? | 3.98 | 0.137 | ||||
| Used Rx opioids first | 82 | 81.2 | 17 | 70.8 | ||
| Used heroin first | 17 | 16.8 | 5 | 20.8 | ||
| Started using both around the same time | 1 | 1.0 | 1 | 4.2 | ||
| Unknown | 1 | 1.0 | 1 | 4.2 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Among those reporting either heroin use or Rx opioid misuse in past 30 days | N=79 | N=19 | ||||
| Use of other substances in the past 30 daysa | ||||||
| Alcohol | 50 | 63.3 | 10 | 52.6 | 2.49 | 0.288 |
| Marijuana | 41 | 51.9 | 7 | 36.8 | 8.99 | 0.029 |
| Powder Cocaine | 33 | 41.8 | 6 | 31.6 | 2.25 | 0.523 |
| Crack Cocaine | 33 | 41.8 | 7 | 36.8 | 3.61 | 0.307 |
| Methamphetamine | 16 | 20.3 | 4 | 21.1 | 0.13 | 0.989 |
| Rx Sedative or Tranquilizer Misuse | 34 | 43.0 | 8 | 42.1 | 0.94 | 0.817 |
| Rx Stimulant Misuse | 7 | 8.9 | 3 | 15.8 | 1.53 | 0.676 |
| Any of these substances in the past 30 days | 75 | 94.9 | 17 | 89.5 | 1.55 | 0.213 |
Note: Chi-Square tests compare the survey+interview sample to the survey-only sample; two-tailed tests
a
Percentages exceed 100 because respondents were asked to select all that apply