Table 2.
Demographic and clinical profiles across subgroups
| Subtype 1 (n = 115) | Subtype 2 (n = 106) | HC (n = 257) | p value a | p value b | p value c | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 15.3 ± 6.8 | 15.5 ± 6.0 | 14.2 ± 6.1 | 0.825 | 0.104 | 0.056 |
| Type (A/AS/P/NA) | 58/11/5/41 | 58/12/4/32 | – | 0.926 | – | – |
| IQ | ||||||
| FIQ | 111 ± 15.3 | 104 ± 13.5 | 114 ± 12.1 | < 0.001 | 0.182 | < 0.001 |
| VIQ | 109 ± 15.7 | 107 ± 16.1 | 114 ± 13.0 | 0.545 | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| PIQ | 112 ± 14.3 | 103 ± 13.7 | 111 ± 13.0 | < 0.001 | 0.714 | < 0.001 |
| Site | 14/17/21/10/10/18/25 | 11/11/14/10/12/20/28 | 22/66/41/21/25/35/47 | 0.791 | – | – |
| ADOS | ||||||
| Total | 11.8 ± 3.6 | 10.7 ± 3.3 | 1.3 ± 1.7 | 0.041 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Comm | 3.7 ± 1.6 | 3.5 ± 1.3 | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 0.469 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Social | 8.1 ± 2.5 | 7.4 ± 2.6 | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 0.111 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| RRB | 2.1 ± 1.8 | 1.7 ± 1.5 | 0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.090 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Severity | 7.7 ± 1.5 | 6.4 ± 2.4 | – | 0.004 | – | – |
| ADI-R | ||||||
| Social | 20.5 ± 5.0 | 19.5 ± 5.2 | – | 0.209 | – | – |
| Verbal | 16.3 ± 4.3 | 15.4 ± 4.6 | – | 0.219 | – | – |
| RRB | 6.1 ± 2.5 | 6.4 ± 2.5 | – | 0.517 | – | – |
| SRS | ||||||
| Total | 96.1 ± 32.8 | 90.5 ± 32.0 | 17.7 ± 12.9 | 0.342 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Aware | 13.2 ± 4.0 | 11.7 ± 3.4 | 4.3 ± 2.7 | 0.096 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Cognit | 16.6 ± 6.2 | 14.9 ± 5.8 | 2.8 ± 2.7 | 0.223 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Comm | 33.8 ± 10.1 | 28.9 ± 11.8 | 5.7 ± 5.1 | 0.058 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Motiva | 15.5 ± 5.8 | 12.9 ± 7.3 | 3.7 ± 3.1 | 0.095 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Manner | 18.9 ± 6.3 | 17.3 ± 7.1 | 1.9 ± 2.5 | 0.316 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
The p values were calculated using a two-sample t test except for the type and site composition (aSubtype1 vs. Subtype2; bHC vs. Subtype1; cHC vs. Subtype2). Abbreviations: IQ, intelligence quotient; FIQ, full-scale IQ; VIQ, verbal IQ; PIQ, performance IQ; ADOS, autism diagnostic observation schedule; Social, social interaction; Comm, communication. RRB, restricted repetitive behavior. ADOS Total = social interaction + communication; ADI-R, autism diagnostic interview revised; SRS, Social Responsiveness Scale; Aware, awareness; Cognit, cognition; Motiva, motivation; Manner, mannerisms; The number of ASD patients with IQ, ADOS scores, ADI-R scores, and SRS scores available are described in the Supplement Table S2