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. 2022 Feb 23;13:80. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-02723-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — The effects of TDSC-Exos on tenocytes in vitro. A Tenocytes could absorb PKH67 (green)-labeled TDSC-Exos. The nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 20 μm. B Cell viability of tenocytes treated with TDSC-Exos at different concentrations (Bars: mean ± SE; n = 3; one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, *p < 0.05 compared to control). C, D High concentration of exosomes could protect tenocytes from oxidative stress and serum deprivation (Bars: mean ± SE; n = 3; one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, *p < 0.05 compared to control; **p < 0.01 compared to control). E Increased production of type I collagen was observed in tenocytes treated with TDSC-Exos by sirius red staining. Scale bar: 100 μm. F Tenocyte gene expression changes of Scx, Col1a1 and Dcn after treated with TDSC-Exos (Bars: mean ± SE; n = 3; one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, **p < 0.01 compared to control). G Transwell assay of tenocytes treated with TDSC-Exos. Scale bar: 50 μm. H Quantitative analysis of the migrated cells in (G) (Bars: mean ± SE; n = 3; unpaired Student’s t test, **p < 0.01 compared to control). I TDSC-Exos promoted tenocyte migration in scratch wound healing assay. Scale bar: 250 μm. J Quantitative analysis about the percentage of closure in (I) (Bars: mean ± SE; n = 3; unpaired Student’s t test, *p < 0.05 compared to control)