. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Pers Soc Psychol. 2022 Mar;122(3):493–522. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000399

Table 11.

Summary of results of the associations between personality traits and health outcomes at the between-person and within-person levels across the three samples.

	Between-Person P <-> H						Within-Person P -> H						Within-Person H -> P
	NAS		LISS		SATSA		NAS		LISS		SATSA		NAS		LISS		SATSA
	RI-CLPM	CT	RI-CLPM	CT	RI-CLPM	CT	RI-CLPM	CT	RI-CLPM	CT	RI-CLPM	CT	RI-CLPM	CT	RI-CLPM	CT	RI-CLPM	CT
Self-rated health
N	−		−	−	−	−	−		−	−	−	−	/		−	−	−	−
E	+	+	+	+	+	+	/	/	+	+	+	/	/	/	+	+	+	+
O			+	+	/	+			+	+	/	/			+	+	+	+
C			+	+					+	/					+	+
A			+	+					/	/					/	/
General disease level
N	+		+	+	+	+	+		+	−	+	+	/		+	/	+	+
E	−		/	/	−	−	/		/	/	/	/	/		−	−	/	/
O			−	−	+	+			/	−	/	/			−	−	/	−
C			−	−					−	/					−	/
A			+	/					/	/					/	/
Cardiovascular diseases
N					+	+					/	+					/	+
E					/	/					/	/					/	/
O					/	+					/	/					/	−
Central nervous system diseases
N					+	+					/	+					/	+
E					/	/					/	−					/	/
O					/	/					/	/					/	/
Metabolic diseases
N					+	+					/	/					/	/
E					/	/					/	/					/	/
O					/	/					/	/					/	/
Allostatic load
N					/	/					/	/					/	/
E					/	/					/	/					/	/
Motor functioning impairment
N					/	/					+	+					/	+
E					/	/					−	−					−	/

Note. “+” indicates a positive effect; “−” indicates a negative effect; “/” indicates a nonsignificant effect, blank indicates information was not available in the sample. RI-CLPM = random intercept cross-lagged panel model; CT = continuous time model; N = neuroticism; E = extraversion; O = openness; C = conscientiousness; A = agreeableness.