Table 9.
Chi-square difference tests for testing the cross-lagged effects between personality traits and health outcomes at the within-person level in the random intercept cross-lagged panel models across all samples.
| b3=0 | b4=0 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Δχ2 | Δdf | p-value | Δχ2 | Δdf | p-value | |
| NAS | ||||||
| N & SRH | 6.771 | 1 | .009 | 1.986 | 1 | .159 |
| E & SRH | 2.552 | 1 | .110 | .357 | 1 | .550 |
| N & GDL | 4.721 | 1 | .030 | .605 | 1 | .437 |
| E & GDL | .092 | 1 | .762 | .002 | 1 | .964 |
| LISS | ||||||
| N & SRH | 18.252 | 1 | < .001 | 50.799 | 1 | < .001 |
| E & SRH | 16.338 | 1 | < .001 | 16.872 | 1 | < .001 |
| O & SRH | 17.090 | 1 | < .001 | 16.198 | 1 | < .001 |
| C & SRH | 4.115 | 1 | .043 | 22.321 | 1 | < .001 |
| A & SRH | .630 | 1 | .427 | .002 | 1 | .964 |
| N & GDL | 6.882 | 1 | .009 | 21.374 | 1 | < .001 |
| E & GDL | 2.991 | 1 | .084 | 11.180 | 1 | < .001 |
| O & GDL | 2.898 | 1 | .089 | 4.616 | 1 | .032 |
| C & GDL | 13.894 | 1 | < .001 | 20.326 | 1 | < .001 |
| A & GDL | .689 | 1 | .407 | 3.682 | 1 | .055 |
| SATSA1 | ||||||
| N & SRH | 10.058 | 1 | .002 | 5.813 | 1 | .016 |
| E & SRH | 5.417 | 1 | .020 | 5.895 | 1 | .015 |
| O & SRH | 2.515 | 1 | .113 | 11.637 | 1 | .001 |
| N & GDL | 8.789 | 1 | .003 | 8.445 | 1 | .004 |
| E & GDL | 1.212 | 1 | .271 | .447 | 1 | .503 |
| O & GDL | .176 | 1 | .675 | 1.991 | 1 | .158 |
| N & CVD | 2.335 | 1 | .127 | 3.498 | 1 | .061 |
| E & CVD | 1.900 | 1 | .168 | 1.797 | 1 | .180 |
| O & CVD | .113 | 1 | .737 | 2.845 | 1 | .092 |
| N & CNS | 2.656 | 1 | .103 | 2.094 | 1 | .148 |
| E & CNS | 1.026 | 1 | .311 | .298 | 1 | .585 |
| O & CNS | .890 | 1 | .345 | 1.583 | 1 | .208 |
| N & MTD | .819 | 1 | .366 | .117 | 1 | .733 |
| E & MTD | 3.276 | 1 | .070 | .333 | 1 | .564 |
| O & MTD | .059 | 1 | .808 | .229 | 1 | .633 |
| N & AL | 2.933 | 1 | .087 | .340 | 1 | .560 |
| E & AL | .708 | 1 | .400 | .618 | 1 | .432 |
| N & MFI | 7.896 | 1 | .005 | 1.444 | 1 | .229 |
| E & MFI | 44.378 | 1 | < .001 | 6.0756 | 1 | .014 |
Note. N = neuroticism; E = extraversion; O = openness; C = conscientiousness; A = agreeableness; SRH = self-rated health; GDL = general disease level; CVD = cardiovascular diseases; CNS = central nervous system diseases; MTD = metabolic diseases; AL = allostatic load; MFI = motor functioning impairment. b3 refers to estimates of the cross-lagged effects of personality traits on health outcomes; b4 refers to estimates of the cross-lagged effects of health outcomes on personality traits.
As MLR was used in SATSA to account for the cluster effects of twin pairs, the Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square difference tests were used.