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. 2022 Feb 24;170:118–127. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.01.030

Table 3.

ECG characteristics in serial ECGs (n = 628 ECGs) for the whole population and stratified for ICU survivors and ICU nonsurvivors

All (n = 90) ICU survivors (n = 57) ICU nonsurvivors (n = 33) p value for difference
  • 1.

    Rhythm

Sinus rhythm 83 (92%) 53 (90%) 30 (91%) 0.70*
Supraventricular tachycardia 12 (13%) 7 (12%) 5 (15%) 0.70
Atrial fibrillation 9 (10%) 5 (9%) 4 (12%) 0.72*
Atrial flutter 1 (1%) 1 (2%) 0 (0%) 1.0*
Atrial tachycardia 3 (3%) 2 (4%) 1 (3%) 1.0*
Escape rhythm 4 (4%) 2 (4%) 2 (6%) 0.62*
Paced rhythm 1 (1%) 1 (2%) 0(0%) 1.0*
  • 2.

    Conduction

LBBB 5 (6%) 2 (4%) 3 (9%) 0.27
QRS duration (ms) 98 ± 16 98 ± 15 99 ± 17 0.49
QRS>120 ms 10 (11%) 5 (9%) 5 (15%) 0.35
1st degree AV block 14 (16%) 7 (12%) 7 (21%) 0.26
PR time (ms) 150 ± 25 149 ± 24 153 ± 26 0.05
  • 3.

    RV strain

RBBB 4 (4%) 2 (4%) 2 (6%) 0.62*
Right or extreme axis 6 (7%) 4 (7%) 2 (6%) 1.0*
At least 2 of the following 65 (72%) 40 (70%) 25 (76%) 0.57
RsR’ pattern 33 (37%) 19 (33%) 14 (42%) 0.39
qR pattern 12 (13%) 4 (7%) 8 (24%) 0.027*
Broad S in I, aVL, V5or V6 67 (74%) 39 (68%) 28 (85%) 0.09
Slurred S in I, aVL, V5or V6 66 (73%) 44 (77%) 22 (67%) 0.28
P-pulmonale 12 (13%) 8 (11%) 4 (12%) 1.0*
  • 4.

    Repolarization abnormalities

  • ST-segment deviation in at least 2 consecutive leads

 57 (61%) 36 (61%) 21 (60%) 0.92
ST-segment elevation in at least 2 consecutive leads 22 (24%) 14 (25%) 8 (24%) 0.97
ST-segment depression in at least 2 consecutive leads 44 (49%) 28 (49%) 16 (49%) 0.95
  • 5.

    T-wave abnormalities

Any T-wave abnormality 73 (81%) 47 (83%) 26 (79%) 0.67
T-waves inversion in at least consecutive 2 leads 20 (22%) 13 (23%) 7 (21%) 0.86
Flat T-waves in at least 2 consecutive leads 67 (74%) 44 (77%) 23 (70%) 0.43
Biphasic T-waves in at least 2 consecutive leads 15 (17%) 9 (14%) 6 (18%) 0.60
  • 6.

    Other

QTc time (ms) 436 (55) 430 (51) 450 (61) <0.001
Prolonged QTc time (ms)>500 ms 34 (38%) 18 (32%) 16 (49%) 0.11
Heartrate (bpm) 86 (21) 86 (21) 85 (21) 0.46
Height R-wave V1 (mV) 0.15 (0.14) 0.15 (0.13) 0.16 (0.17) 0.162
V2 (mV) 0.50 (0.36) 0.48 (0.32) 0.55 (0.44) 0.04
Depth S-wave in I (mV) 0.23 (0.14) 0.22 (0.12) 0.27 (0.14) 0.10
P-wave split 69 (77%) 43 (75%) 26 (79%) 0.71
QRS fragmentations 86 (96%) 55 (96%) 31 (94%) 0.62*
Microvoltages 15 (17%) 11 (19%) 4 (12%) 0.56*
Left heart axis 25 (28%) 12 (21%) 13 (39%) 0.06

Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) or count (percentage), unless indicated otherwise. Differences were tested using the independent-samples t test or Pearson's chi-square test unless indicated otherwise.

ICU = intensive care unit.

⁎

Fisher's exact test.