Several proteins can form a complex with IRE1α. A schematic representation is presented for negative and positive regulators of IRE1α signalling (attenuators and enhancers of unfolded protein response signalling). The effects of these regulators at different stages of the IRE1α signalling process are indicated, including IRE1α dimerization, oligomerization and phosphorylation. In addition, the occurrence of several post-translational modifications that could modify the stability or the activity of IRE1α is indicated. BI-1, BAX inhibitor 1; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERAD endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation; NMIIB, non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIB; PKA, protein kinase A; PP2A, protein phosphatase 2A.