Table 2.

Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in abdominal surgery for neonates and children.

Type of Surgical Procedure	Recommendation
Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy and endoscopic colorectal procedures	Not recommended.
Gastroduodenal surgery involving the lumen with an application of prosthetic mate-rial (e.g., percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy)	Cefazolin 30 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV within 30 min before surgery.
Resection of gastric ulcer, repair of perforated ulcer and revision of gastric emptying in elective or emergency regimen	Cefazolin 30 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV within 30 min before surgery.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography	Not recommended.
Abdominal surgery, in an elective regimen, with a laparoscopic or laparotomy ap-proach, of pyloromyotomy, lysis of adherent bridle, excision of masses, biopsy of the superficial lymphatic structure, hernioplasty or hernioraffia with or without means of synthesis	Not recommended.
Abdominal surgery with Tenckhoff catheter placement with a laparotomy approach	Cefazolin 30 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV within 30 min before surgery.
Small bowel surgery	In the absence of obstruction, cefazolin 30 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV within 30 min before surgery. In cases of obstruction, cefazolin 30 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV combined with metronidazole 15 mg/kg (7.5 mg/kg in infants of weight less than 1200 g; maximum dose 500 mg) IV or with cefotetan 40 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV within 30 min before surgery.
Appendectomy	In uncomplicated appendectomy in an emergency regimen, cefazolin 30 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV within 30 min before surgery. In an emergency procedure of complicated appendectomy for a perforated appendix, cefazolin 30 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV combined with metronidazole 15 mg/kg (7.5 mg/kg in infants of weight less than 1200 g; maximum dose 500 mg) IV or with cefotetan 40 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV wi-thin 30 min before surgery.
Omphalocele	Cefazolin 30 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV within 30 min before surgery.
Gastroschisis	Cefazolin 30 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV combined with metronidazole 15 mg/kg (7.5 mg/kg in infants of weight less than 1200 g; maximum dose 500 mg) IV or with cefotetan 40 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV wi-thin 30 min before surgery.
Oesophagus-colon-plastic surgery	Cefazolin 30 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV combined with metronidazole 15 mg/kg (7.5 mg/kg in infants of weight less than 1200 g; maximum dose 500 mg) IV or with cefotetan 40 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV wi-thin 30 min before surgery.
Ileo-colic perforation	Cefazolin 30 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV combined with metronidazole 15 mg/kg (7.5 mg/kg in infants of weight less than 1200 g; maximum dose 500 mg) IV or with cefotetan 40 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV wi-thin 30 min before surgery or amoxicillin-clavulanate, calculated on amoxicillin, of 50 mg/kg (max dose 2 g) IV or ampicillin + sulbactam, calculated on ampicillin, of 50 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV within the 30 min before surgery.
Colorectal procedures	Cefazolin 30 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV combined with metronidazole 15 mg/kg (7.5 mg/kg in infants of weight less than 1200 g; maximum dose 500 mg) IV or with cefotetan 40 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV wi-thin 30 min before surgery.
Biliary tract procedures	Cefazolin 30 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV combined with metronidazole 15 mg/kg (7.5 mg/kg in infants of weight less than 1200 g; maximum dose 500 mg) IV or with cefotetan 40 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV wi-thin 30 min before surgery.
Surgery on the liver or pancreas in open or laparoscopy	Cefazolin 30 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV within 30 min before surgery.
Liver transplantation	Amoxicillin-clavulanate, calculated for amoxicillin, 50 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV or piperacillin + tazobactam,, calculated for piperacillin, 80 mg/kg IV for children between 2 and 9 months of age or 100 mg/kg IV between 9 months and 40 kg, or ampicillin + sulbactam, calculated for ampicillin, 50 mg/kg (maximum dose 2 g) IV within 30 min prior to surgery.