Table 3.

The effect of anti-psoriasis therapy on oxidative stress markers.

	Author/Year	Country	Intervention	Treatment Duration	Measured Parameters	Samples	Study Group (Psoriasis/Controls)	Mean Age of Patients	Effect on the Measured Parameters
1	Akbulak et al. 2017 [75]	Turkey	MTX 10–15 mg/week	≥12 weeks	expression of GST and CYP enzymes	Skin biopsy samples	43 (21/22)	42.5 ± 10.9	↑GSTK1, GSTM1, GSTT1, CYP1B1, CYP2E1: in the psoriasis tissues (p < 0.05); No significant decrease after MTX treatment
2	Elango et al. 2013 [76]	India	MTX 7.5 mg/week	12 weeks	ROS, MDA, nitrate, SOD, CAT, TAS	Venous blood, skin biopsy samples	103 (58/45)	46.4 ± 14.1	↑ROS (lesional skin), MDA (serum) After 6 and 12 weeks of treatment (p < 0.001) ↓Serum nitrite, SOD, TAS, CAT (p < 0.001) (versus controls) (no difference after therapy)
3	Kılıc et al. 2013 [77]	Turkey	MTX	8 weeks	TAS, TOS, OSI, PON-1	Venous blood	26 (26/0)	45.3 ± 11.7	No significant differences pre and post-treatment
4	Tekin et al. 2006 [78]	Turkey	MTX 20 mg/week	Until the disappearance of the lesions	Nitrite-nitrate	Venous blood	43 (22/21)	35.0 ± 11.8	↓Nitrite-nitrate (p < 0.05)
5	Darlenski et al. 2021 [79]	Bulgaria	NB-UVB 311 nm	10 sessions	PASI, DLQI, skin carotenoid levels	Non-invasive	29 (20/9)	48.9	↓PASI, DLQI (p < 0.001), carotenoid levels (p > 0.05)
6	Darlenski et al. 2018 [80]	Bulgaria	NB-UVB 311 nm	14 sessions	MDA, ROS, Asc, CAT	Venous blood	47 (22/25)	50.9	↓ROS, Asc, MDA, CAT (p < 0.001)
7	Wacewicz et al. 2017 [81]	Poland	NB-UVB	20 sessions	Se, Zn, Cu, Cu/Zn, CRP, TAS	Venous blood	118 (60/58)	41.2 ± 12.5	↓Se and TAS (p < 0.05) Cu/Zn ratio, Cu, Zn—no changes after NB-UVB
8	Karadag et al. 2016 [82]	Turkey	NB-UVB 311 nm	20–36 sessions	GST, CYP	Skin biopsy samples	54 (32/22)	37.2 ± 14.8	GST1K1, GST1M1, GST1O1, GST1T1, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2E1: no differences pre and post-treatment
9	Pektas et al. 2013 [83]	Turkey	NB-UVB 310–315 nm	30 sessions	hsCRP, TAS, TOS, OSI, PON-1, ARE	Venous blood	24 (24/0)	37.9 ± 12.3	↓PASI (p = 0.001) ↑TOS, OSI (p < 0.001)
10	Coimbra et al. 2012 [84]	Portugal	NB-UVB: 17 pts; PUVA: 20 pts; calcipotriol: 10 pts	12 weeks	TB, MBH, MPB3, TAS, TBA, elastase, lactoferrin, CRP	Venous blood	113 (73/40)	45 ± 15	PUVA: ↓leukocytes, neutrophils, elastase, lactoferrin, CRP, TBA, TBA/TAS NB-UVB:↓elastase, lactoferrin, CRP, TBA, ↑TBA/TAS; MPB3 monomers PUVA + NB-UVB: changed MPB3 profile
11	Karaarslan et al. 2006 [85]	Turkey	BB-UVB	21 weeks	TBARS, nitrite-nitrate	Venous blood	52 (32/20)	42.0 ± 11.1	↑TBARS (p < 0.05), nitrite-nitrate levels (p < 0.01) negative correlation total nitrite—TBARS levels post-treatment (r = −0.58, p = 0.03)
12	Barygina et al. 2013 [86]	Italy	infliximab 5 mg/kg every 8 weeks	6 months	ROS, GSH, NADPH oxidase, PCO, MDA, TAS, TBARS (lipid peroxidation)	Venous blood	47 (29/18)	47 ± 8	↓PCO, TBARS, TBARS, ROS (p < 0.05) ↑TAS (p < 0.05)
13	Wolk et al. 2017 [87]	USA	tofacitinib 5 mg/10 mg twice daily	16 weeks	HDL, LDL, PON-1, LCAT, SA-A, hsCRP	Venous blood	161 (70 tofacitinib 5 mg, 71 tofacitinib 10 mg, 50 placebo)	42.3–50.9	↑LDL, HDL (p < 0.05); TC/HDL: remained constant; PON-1, LCAT (p < 0.05) compared with placebo; ↓SA-A, hsCRP (p < 0.05) compared with placebo.
14	Pastore et al. 2011 [88]	Italy	efalizumab 1 mg/kg/week	12 weeks	Nitrites-nitrates, MDA, TBARS, SOD, Cu, Zn, GST, CAT, acrolein-protein adducts, 9.4-HNE, SF, GF, PUFA.	Venous blood	50 (26/24)	42.9	pro-inflammatory cytokines, PUFAs esterified in phospholipids of RBC membranes were not affected. ↓Nitrites–nitrates, MDA levels, CAT (in non-responders) ↑GPx, GST (in non-responders)
15	Campanati et al. 2012 [89]	Italy	etanercept or adalimumab	12 weeks	iNOS, TNF-alpha, VEGF, NO, SOD, CAT, GST, GSH	Skin biopsy samples	12 (6/6)	51 ± 5.8 and 52 ± 6.9	↓VEGF (p < 0.05, regardless of the treatment) NO (p < 0.05, regardless of the treatment) CAT (p < 0.05, for adalimumab in non lesional and perilesional skin and for etanercept in non lesional skin) GST (p < 0.05, regardless of the treatment for perilesional skin) ↑SOD (p < 0.05, for adalimumab in perilesional and lesional skin) GSH (p < 0.05, for adalimumab in non lesional skin)

Legend: MTX—Methotrexate; ROS—reactive oxygen species; MDA—malondialdehyde; SOD—superoxide dismutase; CAT—catalase; TAS—total antioxidant status; Asc—ascorbyl radicals; PASI—psoriasis area and severity index, DLQI—dermatology life quality index; NB-UVB—narrow band ultraviolet B; TAC—total antioxidant capacity; WBC—white blood cells, PCO—protein carbonyl content; GSH—glutathione content; TBARS—thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; hsCRP—high sensitive C-reactive protein; TOS—total oxidant status; OSI—oxidative stress index; PON-1—serum paraoxonase-1; AS—arylesterase; TC—total cholesterol; LDL—low-density lipoprotein; HDL—high-density lipoprotein; ALT—alanine aminotransferase; TSH—thyroid-stimulating hormone; FAE—fumaric acid esters; GSTs—Glutathione S-transferases; AE—adverse effects, CRP—c-reactive protein, Cu—copper, Se—selenium, Zn—zinc, CBD—cannabidiol, GT—Goeckerman therapy (combined exposure of 3% crude coal tar ointment and UV radiation), BPDE—benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide, BB-UVB—broad-band ultraviolet B, TBARS—thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, 4-HNE—4-hydroxy nonenal-protein, SF—stimulating factors, GF—growth factors, PUFA—polyunsaturated fatty acids, GPx—glutathione, peroxidase, l-NMMA—NG-monomethyl-l-arginine, PUVA—psoralen plus UVA, TBA—thiobarbituric acid, CRP—C-reactive protein, MBH—membrane-bound hemoglobin, TB—total bilirubin, MPB3—membrane protein band 3, MCV—mean cell volume, MCH—mean cell hemoglobin, LCAT—lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, SA-A—serum amyloid A, CYP—cytochrome p450, 8H2DG—8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, 8HG—8-hydroxyguanosine, 8HGN—8-hydroxyguanine. ↑, increased. ↓, decreased.