Table 2.
Studies that used edaravone in in vivo and ex vivo models of mitochondrial diseases.
| Derived Tissue | Associated Disease | Experimental Model | Action of Edaravone in Mitochondria | Ref. | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔY | ATP Level | Peroxidation | ROS | Morphology | Fission/Fusion | Biogenesis | mPTP Opening | Apoptosis | ||||
| Ex vivo | ||||||||||||
| Brain | AD | Amyloid-β-treated microglia | Increase | - | - | Decrease | - | - | - | - | - | [68] |
| CO-induced rat primary cultured astrocytes | Increase | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Inhibit | [72] | ||
| Ca2+- and H2O2-induced rat brain | - | - | - | Decrease | Preserve | - | - | - | - | [69] | ||
| Cornea | Primary human corneal epithelial cells in hyperosmotic media | Increase | Increase | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | [71] | |
| Bone, Muscle | Dexamethasone-induced primary osteoblast | Increase | - | - | - | - | - | - | Inhibit | - | [73] | |
| Embryo | H2O2 exposed cortical neuron in rat embryos | - | - | - | - | Preserve | - | - | - | Inhibit | [74] | |
| Heart | Ischemia by left coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion in rat | - | Increase | - | - | Preserve | - | - | Inhibit | Inhibit | [70] | |
| In vivo | ||||||||||||
| Myocardial infarction | Doxorubicin-treated rat | - | - | - | Up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes | - | - | - | - | - | [75] | |
| Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome | Intermittent hypoxia-induced rat | - | - | - | Up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme | - | - | - | - | - | [78] | |
| Ischemic stroke | Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in middle cerebral artery occlusion rat | - | - | - | - | - | Up-regulation of Drp1 and Opa1 | - | - | Inhibit | [79] | |
| Manganese-induced rat | - | Recovery of the ETC complex I activity | Decrease | - | - | - | - | - | - | [81] | ||
| Acute kidney injury | Lipopolysaccharide-induced rat | Increase | - | Decrease | Up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes | - | - | - | - | - | [76] | |
| Kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury rat | Increase | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Inhibit | [77] | ||
| Reperfusion injury rat | - | - | - | - | Preserve | - | - | - | - | [80] | ||
| Cisplatin-induced zebrafish | - | - | - | - | Preserve | - | - | - | - | [82] | ||
| Neomycin-induced zebrafish | - | - | - | - | Preserve | - | - | - | - | [83] | ||