Table 1.
Total polyphenol (TP) content, antioxidant activity, and ellagic acid content obtained by NADES, 80% ethanol solution, and acidified methanol solutions. Extractions were performed at 60 °C for 30 min with 20 g/g of NADES/plant ratio in a water bath placed on a magnetic stirrer hot plate.
| Sample | TP [mg GAE 1/g DW] |
DPPH [μM TE 2/g DW 3] |
Ellagic Acid [mg/100 g DW] |
Ellagic Acid [mg/100 g Extract] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LA:FRC:H2O (5:1:0.8) | 39.80 ± 0.80 h | 412.15 ± 26.15 c,d | 63.86 ± 2.13 a,b | 2.70 ± 0.08 b |
| LA:GLC:H2O (5:1:0.8) | 31.72 ± 0.90 d | 406.91 ± 6.57 c,d | 66.18 ± 1.66 a,b | 2.76 ± 0.05 b |
| MA:BET (1:1) | 33.27 ± 1.43 d,e | 375.84 ± 8.34 b,c | 61.78 ± 3.71 a,b | 2.95 ± 0.36 b |
| MA:BET (2:1) | 34.07 ± 0.73 d,e,f | 406.36 ± 10.24 c,d | 72.01 ± 2.87 b | 3.01 ± 0.07 b |
| TAR:BET (1:1) | 26.91 ± 0.64 b,c | 348.14 ± 16.60 b | 60.13 ± 1.81 a,b | 2.59 ± 0.26 b |
| TAR:BET (2:1) | 30.49 ± 1.82 c,d | 352.34 ± 27.48 b | 71.23 ± 2.11 b | 3.18 ± 0.22 b |
| LA:BET:H2O (1:1:0.16) | 39.02 ± 1.69 g,h | 410.23 ± 9.21 c,d | 63.53 ± 1.82 a,b | 3.18 ± 0.56 b |
| LA:BET:H2O (2:1:0.32) | 35.43 ± 0.61 e,f,g | 431.18 ± 6.62 d | 63.43 ± 0.98 a,b | 3.05 ± 0.38 b |
| CA:BET:H2O (1:1:1) | 31.23 ± 2.59 d | 387.15 ± 13.46 b,c | 66.07 ± 4.31 a,b | 2.80 ± 0.15 b |
| CA:BET:H2O (2:1:2) | 32.57 ± 1.45 d,e | 401.20 ± 8.45 c,d | 75.17 ± 3.14 b | 3.20 ± 0.13 b |
| ETOH 80% | 20.67 ± 0.73 a | 197.78 ± 2.76 a | 45.23 ± 0.88 a | 1.37 ± 0.03 a |
| 2M HCl in MEOH 4 | 37.33 ± 1.46 f,g,h | 4128.92 ± 35.91 f | 1031.41 ± 20.73 d | 4.34 ± 0.09 c |
| 2M HCl in MEOH | 26.54 ± 2.30 b | 597.10 ± 8.38 e | 703.28 ± 16.25 c | 20.82 ± 0.48 d |
1 Galic acid equivalent; 2 Trolox equivalent; 3 Dry weight of defatted raspberry seeds; 4 Hydrolysis and extraction performed at 85 °C during 2 h in a water bath placed on a magnetic stirrer and sequel sonication in an ultrasonic bath at 80 °C for 30 min. Results are presented as mean values ± sd (n = 3) followed by different letters which within the same row represent statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) according to post hoc Tukey’s HSD test.