Table 3.
Box–Behnken design with process parameters of solid/liquid extraction and experimentally obtained values of total polyphenols (TP) content, antioxidant activity (DPPH), and ellagic acid content expressed on defatted raspberry seeds and NADES extract.
| Sample | A: Temperature [°C] | B: Time [min] |
C: NADES/Plant Ratio [g/g] |
TP [mg GAE 1/g DW 2] |
DPPH [μM TE 3/g DW] |
Ellagic Acid [mg/100 g DW] |
Ellagic Acid [mg/100 g Extract] |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | −1 | 65 | 0 | 100 | −1 | 15 | 35.54 ± 1.50 a | 1051.71 ± 19.65 c,d | 65.38 ± 2.15 a | 3.19 ± 0.03 e,f |
| 2 | −1 | 65 | −1 | 50 | 0 | 25 | 41.27 ± 0.99 c,d | 601.10 ± 16.24 a | 85.14 ± 7.83 b,c | 2.47 ± 0.15 b,c |
| 3 | 0 | 75 | 1 | 150 | −1 | 15 | 37.99 ± 0.92 a,b | 1087.24 ± 52.50 d | 83.56 ± 3.61 b | 4.04 ± 0.13 g |
| 4 | 1 | 85 | 1 | 150 | 0 | 25 | 43.85 ± 1.23 d,e,f | 582.99 ± 21.23 a | 143.07 ± 5.00 f | 4.02 ± 0.12 g |
| 5 | 0 | 75 | −1 | 50 | −1 | 15 | 36.30 ± 0.85 a,b | 1004.22 ± 51.82 c | 67.09 ± 1.35 a | 3.31 ± 0.04 f |
| 6 | 1 | 85 | −1 | 50 | 0 | 25 | 42.04 ± 0.40 c,d,e | 634.85 ± 7.96 a | 104.16 ± 7.25 e | 2.99 ± 0.16 d,e |
| 7 | 1 | 85 | 0 | 100 | 1 | 35 | 45.76 ± 0.82 f | 760.91 ± 30.64 b | 151.56 ± 6.04 f | 2.97 ± 0.08 d,e |
| 8 | 0 | 75 | 1 | 150 | 1 | 35 | 43.97 ± 1.90 d,e,f | 809.30 ± 20.89 b | 137.62 ± 4.39 f | 2.68 ± 0.05 c,d |
| 9 | 0 | 75 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 25 | 43.46 ± 1.11 d,e,f | 617.87 ± 29.22 a | 105.93 ± 5.39 e | 3.03 ± 0.10 e,f |
| 10 | −1 | 65 | 0 | 50 | 1 | 35 | 43.38 ± 0.88 d,e,f | 820.22 ± 5.32 b | 102.97 ± 4.10 d,e | 2.12 ± 0.07 a |
| 11 | 0 | 75 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 25 | 42.61 ± 1.52 d,e,f | 597.14 ± 1.43 a | 101.09 ± 4.26 d,e | 2.96 ± 0.06 d,e |
| 12 | −1 | 65 | 1 | 150 | 0 | 25 | 42.59 ± 0.58 d,e,f | 621.45 ± 9.81 a | 88.06 ± 6.75 b,c,d | 2.61 ± 0.12 c |
| 13 | 0 | 75 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 25 | 43.83 ± 0.89 d,e,f | 627.10 ± 7.10 a | 101.84 ± 4.99 d,e | 2.97 ± 0.10 d,e |
| 14 | 1 | 85 | 0 | 100 | −1 | 15 | 38.85 ± 0.73 b,c | 1257.69 ± 32.32 e | 99.40 ± 4.66 c,d,e | 4.83 ± 0.17 h |
| 15 | 0 | 75 | −1 | 50 | 1 | 35 | 44.91 ± 0.52 e,f | 800.80 ± 5.17 b | 109.74 ± 3.62 e | 2.22 ± 0.04 a,b |
1 Galic acid equivalent; 2 Trolox equivalent; 3 Dry weight of defatted raspberry seeds. Results are presented as mean values ± sd (n = 3) followed by different letters which within the same row represent statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) according to post hoc Tukey’s HSD test.