Figure 4.

Further analyses of the oxidative stress-induced protein misfolding of Nrf2. (A) Endogenous Nrf2 in un-transfected HeLa cells treated with 300 µM H₂O₂ for 3 h, visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. (B) Transfected Nrf2-GFP in HeLa cells treated with 50 μM MG132 for 6 h, visualized by fluorescence microscopy. (C) Transfected Keap1-GFP in HeLa cells pretreated with 100 μM vitamin C or 3 μM NAC for 24 h followed by treatment with 300 µM H₂O₂ for 3 h, visualized by fluorescence microscopy. (D) Relative mRNA levels of Nrf2 (NFE2L2), Nrf2 target genes (HMOX1, NQO1), and thioredoxin (TXN) were evaluated by RT-qPCR following treatment of HeLa cells with 300 µM H₂O₂ for 3 h. Data were normalized to RPLP0 transcript levels. Means derived from three replicates were used during analysis. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant; * p < 0.05.