Figure 4.

The interplay between Circadian and Redox Biology: Exercise as a zeitgeber and source of RONS. Exercise is a potent stimulus to entrain dysregulated circadian systems and positively affect the core molecular clock and subsequent expression of CCGs throughout the body. At the same time, exercise-induced RONS are integral to several recognised physiological responses and adaptations via the activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors (e.g., up-regulation of immunity, antioxidant enzymatic activity, etc.). It is possible that both circadian and redox signalling are inter-connected and operate synergistically to confer protective health effects following regular exercise.