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. 2022 Jan 28;11(2):268. doi: 10.3390/antiox11020268

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Treatment with LPJBC5 improved the resistance of worms against biotic stresses. The infection with pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (A,B). Feeding of LPJBC5 improved intestinal integrity of worms against pathogen S. aureus (SA) (C,D). The intestinal cavity was observed in treated groups (OP50 + SA and LPJBC5 + SA) under a compound microscope at 20× (C), and area (%) with blue food dye retained in the intestinal cavity per worm was calculated using ImageJ software (Scale bar, 20 μm) (D). Error bars represent mean ± SEM. Treatment effects were compared using Student’s t-test (** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001).