Table 2.

Predicted means and associated standard error of the mean of organic acids and ammonia concentrations following in vitro fermentation of each substrate at the 24-h time point in the PD (high protein) faecal inoculum. Letter-based representation of pairwise comparisons is presented. Different letters indicate differences at significance level 0.05, adjusted using the Tukey method. AHC; ANZCO hydrolysed collagen. PHC; Peptan hydrolysed collagen.

	Acetate (µmol/mL)			Butyrate (µmol/mL)			Propionate (µmol/mL)			Total SCFA (µmol/mL)
Substrate	Mean	SEM	Comparison	Mean	SEM	Comparison	Mean	SEM	Comparison	Mean	SEM	Comparison
Control	17.47	0.812	C	2.02	0.114	BC	0.49	0.090	C	30.82	0.362	CD
AHC	27.28	0.196	A	6.90	0.043	A	1.12	0.134	A	45.23	1.223	A
PHC	23.96	0.593	B	7.81	0.111	A	1.28	0.120	A	39.15	0.308	B
Cellulose	14.64	0.372	D	ND	ND	C	ND	ND	C	26.43	2.302	D
Freeze-dried Cartilage	22.33	0.513	B	ND	ND	C	0.52	0.123	BC	38.14	1.288	B
Fresh Cartilage	16.94	0.743	CD	ND	ND	C	0.46	0.063	C	31.77	0.638	CD
Chopped cat hair	19.48	0.469	C	2.94	0.248	B	1.29	0.058	A	33.46	0.980	BC
Intact cat hair	18.22	0.413	C	2.80	0.055	B	0.96	0.029	AB	31.53	1.326	CD
Inulin	9.56	0.343	E	ND	ND	C	0.48	0.080	C	20.09	0.664	E
	Formate (µmol/mL)			Lactate (µmol/mL)			Succinate (µmol/mL)			Ammonia (µmol/mL)
Substrate	Mean	SEM	Comparison	Mean	SEM	Comparison	Mean	SEM	Comparison	Mean	SEM	Comparison
Control	10.71	0.681	AB	2.66	1.260	B	0.673	0.037	C	19.63	0.544	A
AHC	9.81	1.026	ABC	2.04	0.905	B	1.523	0.050	B	16.65	0.392	B
PHC	5.99	0.783	C	1.09	0.430	B	2.310	0.026	A	14.45	0.219	CD
Cellulose	10.22	1.895	ABC	2.15	0.162	B	0.533	0.123	C	16.89	0.525	B
Freeze-dried Cartilage	14.18	0.902	A	3.12	1.412	B	1.493	0.103	B	14.37	0.174	D
Fresh Cartilage	13.27	0.644	AB	2.07	0.886	B	1.300	0.072	B	14.75	0.892	BCD
Chopped cat hair	9.66	0.557	ABC	3.11	0.090	B	1.433	0.126	B	16.78	0.329	B
Intact cat hair	9.45	0.507	BC	1.71	0.448	B	1.180	0.120	B	16.60	0.049	BC
Inulin	8.94	0.762	BC	75.79	8.011	A	1.167	0.044	B	8.30	0.178	E