Figure 1.

Redox biomolecules involved in pollen development. The normal development of pollen requires timely degradation of the tapetum, and this process is very susceptible to the disturbance of redox homeostasis. Premature or failure of tapetum degradation will lead to microspore abortion and pollen sterility. In the development and regulation of pollen and anthers, the main oxidants contain reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and the antioxidants can be divided into enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants.