Figure 2.

Regulation of redox balance in response to abiotic stresses. Abiotic stresses can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts, causing damage to cell structure (membrane lipids) and biomolecules (DNA, proteins), leading to pollen sterility. At the same time, different signal transduction and regulatory networks are induced, thereby improving the ability to scavenging oxidants, enhancing the protection and repair capabilities of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs), and promoting the degradation of denatured proteins mediated by 26S proteasome and autophagy, ultimately achieving the goal of reducing the damage of oxidative stress to cells and improving the fertility of pollen.