Figure 5.

MOE inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by PEDV infection. Vero cells were infected with PEDV (MOI = 0.1); after extensive washing, the cells with MOE in the supernatant were incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. (A) TNF-α, (B) MCP-1, and (C) IL-6 mRNA levels were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Data are expressed as three independent experiments. ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. MOI: multiplicity of infection; MOE: the aqueous leaf extract of M. oleifera; PEDV: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.