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. 2022 Jan 28;11(2):255. doi: 10.3390/antiox11020255

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of bee bread on the mRNA levels of inflammatory markers; (a) Inos, (b) Tnf-α, (c) Nf-κB, (d) Il-1β and (e) Il-10 in the testes of obese rats. Inos: inducible nitric oxide synthase, Il: interleukin, Nf-κB: nuclear factor kappa B, Tnf-α: tumour necrotic factor-alpha, C: control, Ob: obese rats, Ob + BB: obese + bee bread (6 weeks after induction of obesity), and Ob + OR: Obese + orlistat (6 weeks after induction of obesity). Values are mean ± SD, n = 6. ^a p < 0.05 vs. C, ^b p < 0.05 vs. Ob, ^c p < 0.05 vs. Ob + BB (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test).