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. 2022 Jan 28;11(2):255. doi: 10.3390/antiox11020255

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of bee bread on immunoexpression of cleaved caspase-3 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the testes of obese rats. For each protein, C, Ob, Ob + BB, and Ob + OR groups are represented by (a–d), respectively, while (e) represents the negative control (PBS). Staining using immunohistochemistry protocol showed seminiferous tubules with increased cleaved caspase-3 and decreased PCNA levels in Ob group compared to C, Ob + BB, and Ob + OR groups (magnification = ×100, scale bar = 200 µm). Quantitative data are shown in (f) Caspase-3 staining intensity, and (g) PCNA-positive germ cells. Values are mean ± SD, n = 6. ^a p < 0.05 vs. C, ^b p < 0.05 vs. Ob (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test).