Table 1.
Ethmoid turbinates in domestic animals based on literature [40]).
| Item | Ethmoid Turbinates in Domestic Animals | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inner Ethmoid Turbinates | Outer Ethmoid Turbinates | ||||
| I | II | III | IV | Description | |
| Latin name | endoturbinale I | endoturbinale II | endoturbinale III | endoturbinale IV | ectoturbinale |
| Description | The longest; it lies the most dorsally, bone basis for the dorsal turbinate | Bone basis for the middle turbinate | Smaller than turbinates I and II, except for dogs—II, III and IV are particularly well developed in them | short | |
| Dogs | 4 inner ethmoid turbinates on one side | 6 turbinates on one side | |||
| Cats | 4 inner ethmoid turbinates on one side | 6 turbinates on one side | |||
| Horses | 6 inner ethmoid turbinates on one side | 25 turbinates in 2 rows (one-sided)—external medial and lateral ethmoid turbinates | |||
| Pigs | 7 inner ethmoid turbinates on one side | 20 turbinates on one side | |||
| Ruminants | 4 inner ethmoid turbinates on one side | 18 turbinates on one side | |||