Table 6.
Biomarkers of oxidative stress in lung parenchyma of animals.
| CG | VG | QG | CSG | QCSG | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOD (U/mg protein) |
30.54 ± 4.72 | 28.03 ± 8.79 | 27.26 ± 10.04 | 18.28 ± 4.94 a | 32.57 ± 3.69 d |
| CAT (U/mg protein) |
0.77 ± 0.29 | 0.68 ± 0.22 | 0.67 ± 0.30 | 0.32 ± 0.13 a | 0.77 ± 0.23 d |
| GSH/GSSG ratio | 2.94 (2.68–3.84) |
2.61 (2.51–2.94) |
2.74 (2.53–2.94) |
1.75 (1.39–2.04) a,c |
1.90 (1.80–1.92) a |
| MPO (U/mg protein) |
0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.23 ± 0.03 | 0.56 ± 0.29 a,b,c | 0.20 ± 0.03 d |
| TBARS (nmol/mg protein) | 0.76 ± 0.11 | 0.94 ± 0.30 | 0.78 ± 0.17 | 1.68 ± 0.68 a,b,c | 1.04 ± 0.28 d |
| Protein carbonyl (nmol/mg protein) | 6.36 ± 0.55 | 6.98 ± 2.71 | 7.74 ± 1.32 | 14.98 ± 2.10 a,b,c | 7.38 ± 1.65 d |
CG: control group; VG: vehicle group; QG: quercetin group; CSG: cigarette smoke group; QCSG: quercetin and cigarette smoke group. SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; GSH: glutathione sulfide; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; MPO: myeloperoxidase; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. The letter a represents a statistical difference between groups compared to CG. The letter b represents a statistical difference between groups compared to VG. The letter c represents a statistical difference between groups compared to QG. The letter d represents a statistical difference between groups compared to CSG. For SOD, CAT, TBARS and protein carbonyl the data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and statistical analyses were performed using the analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post-test, n = 5–7 animals per group (p < 0.05). For GSH/GSSG ratio data are expressed in median, interquartile range (25% and 75%) value and were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Dunn’s posttest, n = 5–7 animals per group (p < 0.05).