Table 1.
Plasma biochemistry, liver triglyceride, and pancreas insulin content in mice from normoglycemic sham-operated mice, diabetic vehicle mice, and dapagliflozin-treated diabetic mice at the termination of the study.
| Non-Diabetic (n = 6) |
Diabetic Vehicle (n = 21) |
Diabetic Dapagliflozin (n = 17) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Fructosamine (µM) | 220 ± 2 | 278 ± 13 * | 236 ± 8 # |
| β-hydroxybutyrate (µM) | 143 ± 15 | 306 ± 29 * | 300 ± 38 * |
| Liver triglycerides (g/100 g tissue) | 0.97 ± 0.15 | 0.33 ± 0.029 *** | 0.44 ± 0.068 *** |
| Cholesterol (mM) | 2.09 ± 0.04 | 2.28 ± 0.064 | 2.45 ± 0.058 ** |
| Triglycerides (mM) | 1.39 ± 0.18 | 1.69 ± 0.23 | 1.54 ± 0.16 |
| ALT (µkat/L) | 0.44 ± 0.03 | 0.60 ± 0.031 * | 0.54 ± 0.034 |
| Haptoglobin (g/L) | 1.32 ± 0.29 | 0.44 ± 0.07 | 1.01 ± 0.30 |
| Human insulin (ng/mL) | ND | 0.055 ± 0.034 | 0.25 ± 0.072 # |
| Mouse C-peptide (ng/mL) | 0.67 ± 0.1 | 0.05 ± 0.01 *** | 0.06 ± 0.01 *** |
| Glucagon (pM) | 7.5 ± 0.8 | 40.6 ± 3.2 *** | 39.8 ± 2.9 *** |
| Pancreatic insulin (ng/µg protein) | 6.3 ± 0.4 | 0.11 ± 0.02 *** | 0.24 ± 0.0.07 *** |
The results are presented as mean ± SEM, and statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test for differences between the groups. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 for significant difference compared to the normoglycemic sham group, # p < 0.05 vehicle compared to the dapagliflozin-treated mice. ALT: alanine transaminase, TG: triglyceride, ND: not determined.