Table 1.
Overview of the 71 included studies. Abbreviations: mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), bone-marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC), olfactory mucosal autograft (OMA), neuronal stem cell (NSC), olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC), peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC), intravenous (IV), intrathecal (IT), intra-arterial (IA)relapse-remitting (RR), secondary-progressive (SP), primary-progressive (PP), relapsing-progressive (RP), acute (A), sub-acute (SA) chronic (C), varying subtypes (V), treatment (T), control (Co).
| Author + Year | Cell Type | Administration Route | Disease | #Patients | %Improved |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Riordan NH. 2018 | MSC (UC) | IV | MS (RR,PP,SP) | T: 17 | NA |
| Fernández O. 2018 | MSC (Ad) | IV | MS (SP) | T: 19 Co: 10 |
T: NA Co: NA |
| Karussis D. 2010 | MSC (BM) | IT | MS (V) | T: 15 | 73 |
| Harris VK. 2018 | MSC (BM) | IT | MS (PP,SP) | T: 20 | 35 |
| Xiao Z. 2018 | MSC (UC) | Injury Site | SCI (A) | T: 2 | 100 |
| Ra JC. 2011 | MSC (Ad) | IV | SCI (C) | T: 8 | 13 |
| El-Kheir WA. 2014 | MSC (BM) | IT | SCI (C) | T: 50 Co: 20 |
T: 34 Co: 0 |
| Bonab MM. 2012 | MSC (BM) | IT | MS (SP,PR) | T: 22 | 18 |
| Dahbour S. 2017 | MSC (Ad) | IT | MS (SP,RR) | T: 10 | 20 |
| Lublin FD. 2014 | MSC (PD) | IV | MS (RR,SP) | T: 12 Co: 4 |
T: 42 Co: 25 |
| Llufriu S. 2014 | MSC (BM) | IV | MS (RR) | T: 8 | NA |
| Mendonça MV. 2014 | MSC (BM) | Injury Site | SCI (C) | T: 12 | 58 |
| Connick P. 2012 | MSC (BM) | IV | MS (SP) | T: 10 | NA |
| Cheng H. 2014 | MSC (UC) | IT | SCI (C) | T: 10 | NA |
| Li JF. 2014 | MSC (UC) | IV | MS (RR,SP) | T: 13 Co: 10 |
T: NA Co: NA |
| Satti HS. 2016 | MSC (BM) | IT | SCI (C) | T: 9 | NA |
| Bonab MM. 2007 | MSC (BM) | IT | MS (SP,PP) | T: 10 | 10 |
| Dai G. 2013 | MSC (BM) | Injury Site | SCI (C) | T: 20 Co: 20 |
45 0 |
| Karamouzian S. 2012 | MSC (BM) | IT | SCI (A,SA) | T: 11 Co: 20 |
T: 45 Co: 15 |
| Vaquero J. 2016 | MSC (BM) | IT + Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 12 | 33 |
| Vaquero J. 2017 | MSC (BM) | IT | SCI (C) | T: 10 | NA |
| Vaquero J. 2018 | MSC (BM) | IT | SCI (V) | T: 9 | 79 |
| Oh SK. 2015 | MSC (BM) | Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 16 | NA |
| Hur JW. 2016 | MSC (Ad) | IT | SCI (C) | T: 14 | NA |
| Yamout B. 2010 | MSC (BM) | IT | MS (SP,RR) | T: 7 | 57 |
| Saito F. 2012 | MSC (BM) | IT | SCI (A) | T: 5 | 40 |
| Venktataramana NK. 2010 | MSC (BM) | Surgery | PD | T: 7 | 43 |
| Pal R. 2009 | MSC (BM) | IT | SCI (C) | T: 25 | 0 |
| Saito F. 2008 | MSC (BM) | IT | SCI (A) | T: 1 | 0 |
| Duma C. 2019 | MSC (Ad) | CSF | SCI,MS,PD,AD | T: 31 | NA |
| Kim HJ. 2015 | MSC (UC) | Surgery | AD | T: 9 | 0 |
| Petrou P. 2020 | MSC (BM) | IT or IV | MS (SP,PP) | T: 32 Co: 16 |
T: NA Co: NA |
| Petrou P. 2021 | MSC (BM) | IT and/or IV | MS (SP,PP) | T: 24 | 42 |
| Uccelli A. 2021 | MSC (BM) | IV | MS (RR,SP,PP) | T: 69 Co: 75 |
T: 15 Co: 14 |
| Bhanot Y. 2011 | MSC (BM) | IT + Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 13 | 8 |
| Yazdani OS. 2016 | MSC (BM) + SC | IT | SCI (C) | T: 6 | 17 |
| Zhao Y. 2017 | MSC (UC) | Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 8 | 0 |
| Deng WS. 2020 | MSC (UC) | Injury site | SCI (A) | T: 20 Co: 20 |
T: 55 Co: 0 |
| Amr SM. 2014 | MSC (BM) | Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 14 | 100 |
| Rong L. 2020 | MSC (UC) | IT | SCI (C) | T: 24 | NA |
| Moviglia GA. 2006 | MSC (BM) | Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 2 | NA |
| Carstens M. 2020 | MSC (Ad) | Facial | PD | T: 2 | NA |
| Rice CM. 2010 | BMMC | IV | MS (RP) | T: 6 | 0 |
| Chhabra HS. 2016 | BMMC | IT + Injury site | SCI (A) | T: 14 Co: 7 |
NA NA |
| Kumar AA. 2009 | BMMC | IT | SCI (C) | T: 297 | 33 |
| Yoon SH. 2007 | BMMC | Injury site | SCI (V) | T: 35 Co: 13 |
T: 20 Co: 8 |
| Chernykh ER. 2007 | BMMC | IV + Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 18 Co: 18 |
NA NA |
| Syková E. 2006 | BMMC | IV + IA | SCI (V) | T: 20 | 15 |
| Park HC. 2005 | BMMC | Injury site | SCI (A) | T: 6 | 83 |
| Attar A. 2011 | BMMC | Injury site | SCI (A) | T: 4 | 75 |
| Lima C. 2006 | OMA | Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 7 | 29 |
| Lima C. 2009 | OMA | Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 20 | 30 |
| Curtis E. 2018 | NSC | Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 4 | NA |
| Levi AD. 2018 | NSC | Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 39 | NA |
| Levi AD. 2019 | NSC | Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 12 Co: 4 |
NA NA |
| Shin JC. 2015 | NSC | Injury site | SCI (V) | T: 19 Co: 15 |
T: 26 Co: 7 |
| Curt A. 2020 | NSC | Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 14 | 14 |
| Mackay-Sim A. 2008 | OEC | Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 3 Co: 3 |
T: 0 Co: 0 |
| Féron F. 2005 | OEC | Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 3 Co: 3 |
NA NA |
| Tabakow P. 2013 | OEC | Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 3 Co: 3 |
T: 67 Co: 0 |
| Wu J. 2012 | OEC | Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 11 | NA |
| Saberi H. 2008 | Schwann | Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 4 | 25 |
| Anderson KD. 2017 | Schwann | Injury Site | SCI (C) | T: 6 | 17 |
| Freed CR. 2001 | Neuron | Surgery | PD | T: 20 Co: 20 |
T: NA Co: NA |
| Minguez-Castellanos 2007 | Carotic Body | Surgery | PD | T: 12 | 83 |
| Brundin P. 2000 | Mesencephalic | Surgery | PD | T: 5 | 80 |
| Al-Zoubi A. 2014 | PBSC | IT + Injury site | SCI (C) | T: 19 | 37 |
| Christante AF. 2009 | PBSC | IA | SCI (C) | T: 39 | NA |
| Lammertse DP. 2012 | Macrophage | Injury site | SCI (A) | T: 19 Co: 14 |
T: 26 Co: 57 |
| Knoller N. 2005 | Macrophage | Injury site | SCI (A) | T: 8 | 38 |
| Bakay RAE. 2004 | Spheramine © | Surgery | PD | T: 6 | 100 |