Table 3.

Effects of connexin hemichannel blockers on DAMP release.

DAMP	CxHC Inhibition	Targeted Connexin	Extracellular DAMP	Cell/Tissue	Species	Reference
Tenascin C+	Gap19	Cx43	↑	Gingival fibroblasts	Human	[94]
S100 proteins	Fluoroscetate	Cx43	↓	Enteric glia	Mouse	[150]
ATP	P5, Gap27	Cx43	↓	Macrophages	Mouse	[19,104]
	Gap19, Gap26	Cx43	↓	Astrocytes	Mouse, rat	[77,151,152]
	Gap19, Gap27	Cx43	↓	Urothelial cells	Human, mouse	[153]
	Flufenamic acid, Gap26, Gap27	Cx43	↓	Endothelial cells	Bovine, human	[34,154]
	Gap26, 18a-glycyrrhetinic acid	Cx43	↓	Cardiac myocytes	Rat	[139]
	Gap27	Cx43	↓	Neutrophils	Human	[149]
	EL antibody	Cx30	↓	Keratinocytes	Human, mouse	[157]
	Gap19, Gap24	Cx32, Cx43	↓	Hepatocytes	Rat	[46]
	Peptide5, Gap24	Cx43, Cx32	↓	Epithelial cells	Human	[155,156]
	Cx30-null	Cx30	↓	Collecting duct cells	Mouse	[158]
HMGB1	P5	Cx43	↓	Macrophages	Mouse	[19]
	P5	Cx43	↓	Vascular endothelial cells, lung	Human, mouse	[24]

↑, increase; ↓, decrease.