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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Backbone of improved YOLOv3. The backbone of improved YOLOv3 adopts the Feature Pyramid Network, so the features extracted from the upper layers are transferred to the lower layers to improve the recognition accuracy.