Table 1.

Performance comparison. This table compares the performance of the five methods for bacterial colony detection. Human reference is the manual count result, which is used as the gold standard; ACC represents the average accuracy; TPR represents the percentage of colonies that are correctly identified; FNR represents the percentage of colonies that are incorrectly identified as background; DT(s) represents the average detection time in seconds for each image.

Method	TP	FP	FN	ACC	TPR	FNR	DT(s)
Human reference	4898	0	0	$100\%$	$100\%$	$0\%$	257.84
Simple threshold	3605	77,484	1293	$4.4\%$	$73.8\%$	$26.2\%$	0.17
Comprehensive threshold	3327	279	1571	$64.3\%$	$67.9\%$	$32.1\%$	0.26
Tiny YOLOv3	4489	321	409	$85.9\%$	$91.6\%$	$8.4\%$	0.50
Improved YOLOv3	4826	58	72	$97.4\%$	$98.5\%$	$1.5\%$	0.89