Figure 4.
Effect of CSE on superoxide anion levels. Data show % of DHE-positive cells in the adventitial layer from the carotid (A) and iliac (B) arteries from adult female rats incubated in KHS or CSE (10−4 M). Bar graphs represent the mean ± SEM of 5 segments from 5 different rats per group. Data were analyzed by paired Student´s t test; * p-value < 0.05. Representative confocal images (C) of carotid artery segments stained with DHE and DAPI. Images are reconstructions from a 10-μm-thick section of the adventitia taken with a 40× objective with 2× zoom. Image size 512 × 521 pixels. Scale bar represents 25 μm. CSE, cocoa shell extract; DHE, dihydroethidium, KHS, Krebs Henseleit Solution.