Table 1.
Feeding habit and occurrence of anthropogenic debris by fish species off Pattani Bay, in the lower Gulf of Thailand (AF = number of food types; bold indicating statistically significant p value). Parentheses enclose the average number of fish sampled (N) per month. * Statistical analysis applied with month factor when seasonal factor was not available; ** anthropogenic debris present.
| Family | Species | Sample (N) | Nonempty Stomach | Total Length (Mean ± SD) |
AF (Mean ± SD) |
Depth | Season | Feeding Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p Value | ||||||||
| Clupeidae | Anodontostoma chacunda | 625 (48.1) | 193 | 12.9 ± 1.3 | 13 (1.7 ± 1.3) | 0.779 | 0.611 | Planktivore ** |
| Hilsa kelee | 136 (22.7) | 110 | 15.3 ± 1.7 | 13 (3.3 ± 1.3) | 0.0001 | <0.0001 | Planktivore ** | |
| Sardinella fimbriata | 211 (30.1) | 181 | 13.7 ± 0.8 | 14 (2.3 ± 1.2) | 0.036 | 0.071 | Planktivore ** | |
| S. gibbosa | 231 (30.4) | 218 | 13.5 ± 1.6 | 13 (1.7 ± 1.5) | 0.007 | <0.0001 | Lucifer feeder ** | |
| Engraulidae | Setipinna taty | 185 (20.6) | 49 | 13.9 ± 1.5 | 10 (1 ± 0.8) | 0.0008 | 0.032 | Lucifer feeder |
| Stolephorus commersonnii * | 18 (4.5) | 8 | 9.6 ± 1.9 | 5 (0.9 ± 0.4) | <0.0001 | 0.588 | Fish feeder | |
| S. waitei | 19 (4.8) | 6 | 8.5 ± 2.0 | 7 (1.5 ± 1.9) | 0.586 | 0.358 | Acetes feeder | |
| Thryssa hamiltonii | 325 (25) | 168 | 17.9 ± 1.8 | 9 (1.0 ± 0.4) | 0.791 | 0.075 | Shrimp feeder | |
| T. kammalensis | 148 (21.1) | 43 | 9.9 ± 0.9 | 10 (0.9 ± 0.7) | 0.036 | 0.059 | Acetes feeder ** | |
| T. setirostris | 59 (14.7) | 10 | 14.6 ± 0.9 | 4 (0.9 ± 0.3) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | Shrimp feeder | |
| Chirocentridae | Chirocentrus nudus | 29 (5.8) | 27 | 29.9 ± 4.2 | 6 (1.0 ± 0.3) | 0.019 | 0.0001 | Piscivore |
| Pristigasteridae | Opisthopterus tardoore | 293 (22.5) | 100 | 14.8 ± 1.6 | 8 (0.8 ± 0.4) | 0.002 | 0.046 | Lucifer feeder |
| Synodontidae | Harpadon nehereus * | 116 (38.7) | 22 | 21.1 ± 1.6 | 3 (0.9 ± 0.4) | 0.755 | 0.763 | Piscivore |
| Carangidae | Alepes kleinii | 243 (20.3) | 121 | 12.0 ± 1.9 | 8 (0.7 ± 0.5) | 0.295 | 0.239 | Lucifer feeder |
| A. vari | 14 (2.3) | 10 | 13.1 ± 1.6 | 3 (0.8 ± 0.4) | 0.072 | 1.000 | Lucifer feeder | |
| Megalaspis cordyla | 184 (15.3) | 159 | 15.6 ± 2.3 | 7 (0.9 ± 0.5) | 0.559 | 0.113 | Piscivore ** | |
| Scomberoides tol | 23 (3.8) | 18 | 15.4 ± 2.4 | 5 (0.9 ± 0.4) | 0.664 | 0.891 | Piscivore | |
| Leiognathidae | Deveximentum insidiator | 102 (7.8) | 71 | 9.8 ± 2.5 | 10 (1.0 ± 1.2) | 0.312 | <0.001 | Lucifer feeder ** |
| Eubleekeria jonesi * | 40 (20) | 34 | 7.3 ± 0.8 | 9 (1.0 ± 1.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 | Planktivore | |
| E. splendens | 272 (20.9) | 146 | 7.5 ± 1.0 | 16 (1.7 ± 1.4) | 0.003 | 0.023 | Planktivore ** | |
| Leiognathus equula | 76 (5.8) | 61 | 9.2 ± 0.8 | 11 (0.6 ± 1.0) | 0.002 | 0.098 | Planktivore ** | |
| Nuchequula gerreoides | 41 (20.5) | 31 | 8.9 ± 1.2 | 6 (0.7 ± 0.9) | 0.002 | 0.098 | Zoobenthivore | |
| Photopectoralis bindus | 319 (26.6) | 191 | 9.4 ± 1.1 | 12 (0.5 ± 0.9) | 0.100 | 0.009 | Planktivore ** | |
| Sciaenidae | Dendrophysa russelii | 65 (6.5) | 32 | 12.3 ± 1.6 | 8 (0.7 ± 0.6) | 0.048 | 0.371 | Shrimp feeder |
| Johnius belangerii | 68 (13.6) | 35 | 14.7 ± 1.1 | 6 (0.7 ± 0.6) | 0.335 | 0.076 | Zoobenthivore | |
| J. borneensis | 167 (18.6) | 89 | 15.1 ± 1.3 | 9 (0.7 ± 0.6) | 0.011 | 0.001 | Zoobenthivore | |
| Otolithes ruber | 131 (13.1) | 36 | 18.3 ± 2.1 | 6 (0.9 ± 0.5) | 0.064 | 0.284 | Piscivore | |
| Panna microdon | 62 (8.9) | 39 | 20.6 ± 3.3 | 5 (0.8 ± 0.5) | 0.926 | 0.299 | Shrimp feeder | |
| Pennahia anea | 76 (15.2) | 12 | 14.0 ± 1.6 | 3 (0.9 ± 0.5) | 0.611 | 0.426 | Piscivore | |
| Polynemidae | Eleutheronema tetradactylum | 72 (6) | 53 | 21.9 ± 2.6 | 5 (1.1 ± 0.4) | 0.997 | 0.433 | Shrimp feeder |
| Mugilidae | Planiliza subviridis | 132 (14.7) | 39 | 17.7 ± 2.0 | 10 (0.8 ± 1.2) | 0.542 | 0.096 | Planktivore ** |
| Trichiuridae | Trichiurus lepturus | 62 (8.9) | 28 | 44.1 ± 5.3 | 2 (1.0 ± 0.0) | 0.427 | 0.431 | Piscivore |
| Scombridae | Rastrelliger brachysoma | 554 (42.6) | 552 | 16.4 ± 1.9 | 15 (3.8 ± 1.2) | 0.031 | 0.003 | Planktivore ** |
| Scomberomorus commerson | 380 (29.2) | 344 | 21.1 ± 4.3 | 7 (1.0 ± 0.2) | 0.033 | 0.799 | Piscivore | |