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. 2022 Feb 21;11(2):432. doi: 10.3390/antiox11020432

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of CCB, metformin and their combination on cardiac function. (a) Representative images of M-mode echocardiogram for each group with the measurement points of aorta diameters (yellow lines) and left atrium diameter (green lines). (b) LA/Ao ratio. (c) LV ejection fraction (EF). (d) LV fractional shortening (FS). Means ± SD of 6–8 samples per condition. Means without a common letter differ significantly. Zucker lean (ZL), Zucker Diabetic rats (ZDF), Zucker Diabetic rats treated with metformin (ZDF (M)), Zucker Diabetic rats fed with a CCB rich-diet (ZDF (CCB)), and Zucker Diabetic rats treated with metformin and fed with a CCB rich-diet (ZDF (CCB + M)).