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. 2022 Feb 21;11(2):432. doi: 10.3390/antiox11020432

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of CCB, metformin and their combination on SIRT1, Nrf2 and main antioxidant defences. (a) Representative photographs of immunohistochemical staining of SIRT1 (brown-stained) (scale bar 20 μm) and immunoreactivity score. (b) Representative photographs of immunohistochemical staining of p-Nrf2 (brown-stained) (scale bar 20 μm) and immunoreactive score. (c) Percentage levels of GSH relative to the control condition. (d) Percentage levels of GR activity relative to the control condition. (e) Percentage levels of GPx activity relative to the control condition. Data represent means ± SD of 6–8 samples per condition. Means without a common letter differ significantly, p < 0.05. Zucker lean (ZL), Zucker Diabetic rats (ZDF), Zucker Diabetic rats treated with metformin (ZDF (M)), Zucker Diabetic rats fed with a CCB rich-diet (ZDF (CCB)), and Zucker Diabetic rats treated with metformin and fed with a CCB rich-diet (ZDF (CCB + M)).