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Effect of metformin on the phosphorylation of AMPK in M2 macrophages. M2 macrophages were incubated in the absence or presence of metformin (2 mM), then stimulated with LPS (4 µg/mL) for 1 (A) and 3 h (B). The phosphorylation of AMPK and the presence of actin were evaluated by SDS-PAGE and Western blot using specific antibodies. The corresponding bands for 1 hour (C) and 3 hours (D) from three experiments were quantified and expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3, * p < 0.05).
