Table 2.
α-glucosidase, PTP1B, AGE formation, and peroxynitrite inhibitory activities of compounds isolated from Morus alba branches.
| Compounds | α-Glucosidase | PTP1B | AGEs | ONOO− | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IC50 (μM) 1 | Inhibition Mode 2 | Ki (μM) 3 | IC50 (μM) 1 | Inhibition Mode 2 | Ki (μM) 3 | IC50 (μM) 1 | ||
| Kuwanon C (1) | 14.75 ± 0.88 | Mixed | 6.85 | 41.43 ± 1.64 | Non-competitive | 39.43 | >100 b | 12.92 ± 0.68 |
| Moracin M (2) | 32.43 ± 1.65 | Mixed | 3.32 | 333.1 ± 20.53 | - | - | 2.10 ± 0.22 | 1.08 ± 0.04 |
| Dihydromorin (3) | 47.35 ± 2.25 | Mixed | 10.22 | 180.2 ± 0.77 | - | - | 117.5 ± 7.89 | 2.26 ± 0.12 |
| Oxyresveratrol (5) | 1.86 ± 0.20 | Mixed | 1.14 | 2.85 ± 0.30 | Non-competitive | 2.16 | 7.56 ± 0.15 | 2.37 ± 0.21 |
| Norartocarpetin (6) | 31.95 ± 1.72 | Mixed | 19.90 | >100 5 | - | - | 77.29 ± 9.58 | 3.01 ± 0.15 |
| Kuwanon G (7) | 1.44 ± 0.11 | Mixed | 2.03 | 16.17 ± 0.29 | Mixed | 12.41 | 69.07 ± 1.49 | 6.35 ± 0.36 |
| Acarbose 4 | 350.9 ± 17.94 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ursolic acid 4 | - | - | - | 16.48 ± 2.07 | - | - | - | - |
| Aminoguanidine 4 | - | - | 890.3 ± 70.16 | - | ||||
| l-Penicillamine 4 | - | - | - | 6.69 ± 0.52 | ||||
1 The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) is expressed as the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments. 2 Inhibition type was determined using Lineweaver–Burk plots. 3 Inhibition constant (Ki) was determined using Dixon plots. 4 Positive controls used in the assays. 5 Not determined at 100 μg/mL.