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. 2022 Jan 29;10(2):320. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10020320

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Zingerone NPs induced a significant cytotoxicity in three human OSCC Ca9-22, Cal-27 and SAS cell lines. Cells were treated with zingerone and/or zingerone NPs for 24 h. The effects of zingerone and/or zingerone NPs on cellular morphology and cell viability were observed in Ca9-22 cells (A), Ca1-27 cells (B), and SAS cells (C), respectively, using inverted microscopy. Bar: 50 µm. Further cellular viability was analyzed and recorded using an MTT assay in Ca9-22 cells (D), Ca1-27 cells (E), and SAS cells (F), respectively. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of three experiments.