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. 2022 Feb 18;12(2):53. doi: 10.3390/bs12020053

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Cumulative frequency of maternal pup interaction from post-partum days 3 to 7 was evaluated. Pup/licking-grooming (A), neglecting behavior (B), nursing (C) and self-maintenance behavior (D) were evaluated during both the light and dark period, and data were combined. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test and presented as mean ± SEM (n = 11–13 dams/group). * denotes p < 0.05 in comparison to the indicated group. Abbreviations: NP (normal pregnant); PreE (preeclampsia); HELLP (hemolysis elevated liver enzyme low platelet).