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The Cancer-Immunity Cycle. The generation of an immune response to cancer is cyclical and can be divided into seven major steps. It starts from release of tumor-associated antigen and ends with the killing of cancer cells by T cells. Abbreviations: APCs, antigen presenting cells; CTLs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [112]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier Inc.
